Bmgt Quiz

QUIZ # 3: BMGT 110 SECTION I 1. One or more of your colleagues encountered the quote, which follows. And at first they gave it little or no thought. It read: â€Å"[p]rovide America’s taxpayers top quality service by helping them understand and meet their responsibilities and by applying the tax law with integrity and fairness to all†? In a couple of words what kind of statement is this: IRS Mission Statement. 2. Which type of merger is likely to receive the closest examination by the Federal Trade Commission? c. | horizontal merger| | 3.For its favorable legal climate, as well as the ease and simplicity of its incorporation process, DELAWARE is the most popular state in the USA for the incorporation of many members of the Fortune 500. 4. When the Small Business Administration (SBA) assists a small business in applying for a major loan, it acts as the lender’s ________. d. | Guarantor| | | 5. Although the average farm size has gotten ________, the majority of far mers operate as ________ businesses. | | b. | larger; small| 6. Dell Computer founder Michael Dell and Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates are two well-known examples of ________. a. | social entrepreneurs| | | 7. ________ are currently the largest group of minority business owners in the United States. c. | Hispanics| 8. Apple Computer, FedEx, Staples, and many other well-known companies used ________ when they were start-ups. b. | Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) financing| 9. A credit union is an example of a(n): b. | privately held corporation| | | 10. An Acquisition agreement is one firm’s purchase of the property and obligations of another company. [And a leveraged buyout (LBO) generally entails employees, management, or a group of investors purchasing a business organization primarily through borrowing . . . ]. 11.A FRANCHISE pertains to the rights to use a specific business name and sell its inventory of goods and services in a given territory or location. 3 12. W hich form of business â€Å"ownership† has a legal entitlement for having its liability separate from that of its owner(s)’ personal assets? SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP. 13. Based on their statements, which form of business ownership was personally preferred by most of our colleagues? SOLE OWNERSHIP SECTION II 14. A colleague wants to start a business. He takes a personality test and discovers he possesses a trait that may reduce the likelihood he will succeed. Which of the following is that trait? . | none of the above. but the textbook says it is Internal Locus| 15. The EPA promotes the development of businesses focusing on clean energy. a. | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | 16. C are specific geographic areas designated for economic revitalization. | 17. Which of the following companies has the longest and best-known record of encouraging intrapreneurship? b. | 3M| 4 18. One of our colleagues wants to start a new business but her bank will not lend her the money she needs. This colleague saw an advertisement sponsored by a business organization that provides financing for promising small companies.The organization sponsoring the advertisement would be considered a(n) ________. a. | venture capitalist| SECTION III 19. Which of the following statements is correct? b. | Dot-coms have lower costs than bricks and mortar retailers with online operations. | 20. A colleague’s company spent $50,000 to attract 10,000 online visitors to her Web site. If the conversion rate is 5 percent, her company spent ________ to attract each customer. b. | $50| 21. When it comes to using wikis—the following is recommended. a. Wertfreiheit (is of the German tongue, meaning ethical neutrality) 5 SECTION IV 22.Motivation is hereby described: as the interaction between a person or persons and a situation; it is the process by which a person or person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining objectives and goals. Douglas McGreg or is associated with the: B. Theory X and Y 23. Maslow is associated with the: I 24. Herzberg is associated with the: M a. Theory X and Y b. Two-Factor Theory c. need for achievement (nAff) d. none of the above 25. The Three-Needs Theory (nAch; nAFF; and nPow) is associated with: e. David L. Kurtz f. Peter Drucker and his MBO. . . . g. David McClelland h. none of the above

Response to “Superman and Me” Essay

â€Å"Superman and Me† is an article by Sherman Alexie that addresses his early experiences with literature. Illiteracy is a huge issue in some lower class groups. Alexie states that, as a Spokane child, his future would likely consist of minimum wage jobs (Alexie 89). The author portrays literacy as a method of escaping these circumstances. In â€Å"Superman and Me†, Alexie describes how he gains his ability to read and write. He begins his journey to literacy in the most unlikely of places: a Superman comic book. The author explains that his reading trials expanded beyond those colorful pages, and allowed him to read the novels his father brought home. Clearly, the fact that he was surrounded by literature seems to have led to him becoming literate. These efforts led to hardships. Cultural expectations of Native Americans challenged him throughout his childhood. It is amazing that he had so many of these struggles as a child. Regarding the time he spent in class, the author notes, â€Å"We were Indian children who were expected to be stupid† (90). Alexie describes his classmates as being brighter outside of the classroom. This contradiction is puzzling. It seems as though the children are seeking to fulfill a role expected of them by the mainstream. It would take a strange kind of culture to disapprove of reading and learning. Still, Alexie disregards such negative influences. The story is painting a bigger picture, as far as literacy goes. Just as Superman breaks through the door to his target, Alexie does so as well. The breaking of the door represents a mental breakthrough. Instead of superpowers, Alexie has knowledge. He knows that literature can open the door to new opportunities. This is why he wishes so strongly for those failing students to strive for more; they can become something more than Spokane reservation kids. â€Æ' Works Cited Alexie, Sherman. â€Å"Superman and Me.† The McGraw-Hill Guide: Writing for College, Writing for Life (Student Edition): Duane Roen, Gregory Glau, Barry Maid.

To what extent are humans in a technological environment free from natural selection?

Humans in technology environment are not very free from natural selection. According to Charles Darwin, natural selection acts only for the good of each organism, so since our very first human ancestors had no natural defenses, they would die from what is considered today an insignificant disease. It was throughout millions of years, that the human body started to build an immunization to certain diseases and only the stronger humans were the ones to survive and carry on that trait.Likewise, having no fur on their bodies to survive in the cold weather, they learned how to use other animals’ skins and how to build some weapons, in order to chase wild animals. Nowadays, humans have made incredible discoveries; we have created a wonderful world of technology, which leads us to make some enormous progress in the field of medicine; especially in how to treat diseases which were, at some time, considered incurable. My point is, that since we have made such progress in technology, I am scared that we are keeping too many people alive, including some that might not fit the environment in which they live.In addition, we are allowing some infertile people to reproduce through in-vitro fertilization, when apparently they were not capable naturally. We are also letting babies survive by saving their lives at their birth even though they might not be perfectly healthy or other traits which could bedetrimental for the human species. But through science and the new technology, we have let these babies live and we have given them the opportunity to grow up and reproduce, transmitting their traits to other generations.Due to these facts, it is very probable that we are acting against natural selection in human beings, ever since humans became people who think and care for one another and we have made it immoral to kill another individual or to let him die. However, we could think about another definition of natural selection, such as a life on Earth dies if it is not ada pted to its environment and it lives if it has a niche and can reproduce in its surroundings, which is also called survival of the fittest.If we take the example of a fetus in his mother’s womb, the body of the mother can detect some errors coming from the fetus, and it would eliminate the fetus through a miscarriage. So, in this case, natural selection does still act upon human; acting within the womb of a woman, and therefore, not let a human being, which would not fit its environment, survive. For instance, we have not seen any people carrying the traits of Down’s syndrome on the chromosome 14.It is likely that this defect happened before but only inside a woman’s body which eliminated the mistake through a miscarriage, not letting the future human sees the light. So, in this case, the fact that humans are living longer, letting them reproduce thanks to many discoveries such as in vitro fertilization, surgeries, transplants, medication, etc. , is because we a re taking into consideration that the technology is part of our environment.

Applying Alpro herd management system (information system) to a small Term Paper

Applying Alpro herd management system (information system) to a small dairy farm - Term Paper Example The system has also assisted dairy farmers to monitor and keep the health of their herds. The system has been designed to be user-friendly and to fit in with the routines of dairy farmers all year round. The system also impressively withstands the aggressive gasses and the high humidity that is usually present in the dairy unit environment. A dairy ranch with a herd size of approximately 150, one manager, and two skilled laborers can be managed using the ALPRO System. The side opening milking parlor used here may be organized to allow the 80 milking cows to exit or cross over to a single return lane on one side. Using a single return lane reduces the cost of parlor and the facilities used when catching or sorting the cows leaving the parlor. The single return lane allows the cows to be released individually after milking. For a six-stall side opening milking parlor, the ALPRO system is efficient and comfortable. It shortens the udder to milker distance making it easy to see and reach the cows during milking and avoid the sideways twitching related to udder inspection or cluster attachment. The layout allows for smooth movement between the cows and complete view of the cow in monitoring feeding during and after milking. It also allows easy separation of cows that need special individual attention. The system adapts to v arious cow traffic patterns, and milking routines for it is versatile. It widens the choice of building a suitable layout and makes the utilization of an existing farm building more practical. The ALPRO System incorporates simple electronic photocells that track the progress of the milking cows through the side opening milking parlor and transmits the information to an ALPRO controller. After a cow leaves a particular milking stall, the system automatically closes the gate behind the cow and opens the entry gate for another cow to enter thus preventing traffic in the milking parlor. Similarly, the automation reduces the need

Strategic Management and Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Management and Planning - Essay Example The four functions of management include â€Å"planning, organizing, leading as well as accomplishing tasks or controlling†. These are significant in the development and implementation of a strategic plan. Planning entails lying down the final organizational goal, organizing and undertaking it in an expedient manner. It is the level at which the managers determine the right person to undertake the tasks depending on knowledge and skills. Nolan, Goodstein and Goodstein (2008) further observe that planning gives an answer to the questions of the current position of the business, where the managers want it to be in future, as well as the way to get there. Organizing is an important activity that that is concerned with putting the carefully planned objectives in to a comprehensive system whereby each task is allocated to the right person as well as the actions that managers need to take in order for the operations to run smoothly. In other words, it is involved in setting strategies for coordination of activities. The managers set the steps to be followed in order to accomplish the business goals. Leadership is important for any business to thrive and achieve the capability of coping with competition in the market. It involves generating enthusiasm amongst the employees in order for them to be productive. It involves creating awareness amongst them in order to ensure that they understand the organizational goals and the procedures that need to be adhered to facilitate their accomplishment.

Practical lab writeups - see pdf files Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Practical lab writeups - see pdf files - Essay Example The presence of 3 1H peaks indicates that it is not a dinitrate product but a mononitrate product. The presence of the 1H singlet and two doublets indicates that one H is apart and the other two are on neighbouring C atoms, so NO2 is at position 4. So the product is 1,2-dimethoxy-4-nitrobenzene, consistent with the melting point. The melting point of the semicarbazide derivative of compound A was found to be 224-225 Â ºC, which means that compound A is likely to be o-chloro-benzaldehyde or p-hydroxy-benzaldehyde. According to the 1HNMR spectrum, with benzene proton peaks around 7 ppm and aldehyde proton singlet, the second functional group should also contain one proton, showing up as a singlet. Therefore, the second functional group is a hydroxy-group, so compound A is p-hydroxy-benzaldehyde. This hydroxyl-group also gives the possibility to from the bicyclic structure of compound B. The H atom of NH will exchange with solvent, so if D2O is added it may be replaced with D. This only influences the peak of the H of NH, which will become a doublet with the second peak (of D) at lower intensity and at higher field (lower

Elderly as a vulnerable population Research Paper

Elderly as a vulnerable population - Research Paper Example Recent reports such as the Health Ombudsman’s Care and Compassion report and the revelations about care at hospitals in Staffordshire have highlighted shocking examples of failings in NHS and care services. The new guidelines have been produced in collaboration with the Care Quality Commission, ADASS and Royal Colleges of Nurses and GPs as well as frontline staff to develop practical guidance for staff across the NHS. â€Å"This guidance has been developed with staff and stakeholders to ensure they address the day-to-day safeguarding issues facing staff and managers. Small changes like ensuring all staff are aware of the full range of all the safeguarding procedures in place at their organisation can make a real difference to patients.† â€Å"As the professional regulator for nurses and midwives we are committed to strengthening the safeguarding of adults and welcome this new material to further support the professionals who care for them. â€Å"Having contributed to the work of this health advisory group, we are confident these newly published materials will be of interest to a wide range of professionals and will support them in their understanding, practice and decision-making in relation to safeguarding

What are the characteristics of the Mediterranean welfare state and Essay

What are the characteristics of the Mediterranean welfare state and what particular challenges do they face (Politics) - Essay Example Such a model of governance has been applied in varying degrees and forms throughout the world; however, the largest concentration of these has been noted within the continent of Europe. As a function of the horrors of the Second World War and a long history of social activism, many nations within the European model is the most developed form of the welfare state in existence in the world today. Although it may be simple and concise to simply lump all of these welfare states in together as a means of better understanding their core components and the ways in which they interact within the lives of their citizens, such an approach would necessarily miss many of the nuances that different cultures that and economic realities have with respect to the way the welfare state itself is exhibited. As a function of this, the following brief analysis will seek to consider the ways in which the so-called â€Å"Mediterranean Welfare states† differ from those that are in place throughout mu ch of the rest of Europe and indeed throughout the rest of the world. In this way, it is the hope of this author that such a level of analysis will help the reader to come to a better understanding of the social and economic externalities that define the way that these respective governments interact with their shareholders (Bover, 2011). Moreover, as a function of this level of critique and review, the author will also seek to provide a level of critique with regards to the challenges that such systems face as a function of the policies and actions that define them. Accordingly, such a report will include a high degree of economic analysis and consideration as a means of trying to understand the ways in which the central governments of these nations seek to divide and redistribute wealth while at the same time balancing job creation, FDI, and labour demands that define the

Movie analyzing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Movie analyzing - Essay Example As such, the business grows quite fast gaining popularity and customer loyalty from the major suppliers in the region. The movie allows viewers to have a comprehension of the setting and everyday encounters of leading a gangster life that generally revolves around criminal activities. Additionally, the movie gives a reflection of the relationship between the police and criminals. It is evident from the story that a successful gangster life is heavily dependent on minimal interactions with law enforcers. As such, Lucas leads a seemingly quiet and private life ensuring minimal interactions with the police despite his successes in both the drug business and purchase of nightclubs. For example, Lucas makes sure to dress in a moderate way that portrays his strength while simultaneously reducing attention levels from law enforcers. This is a typical gangster life scenario where the leaders are seen few times leaving much of the work to their appointed representatives to avoid detection. However, the story does not only concentrate on criminal activities but also touches on the Lucas’s other life such as family. This makes the story more realistic and associable with real life while simultaneously making it interesting. Conversely, the movie also gives a reflection of the police life in a creative yet realistic way thereby striking a balance. The lead detective, Roberts, is given the task of apprehending the major drug traffickers in the city after the death of his partner. Although at first Lucas is unknown to the detective, he attracts attention during a fighting event due to his conspicuous dressing and sitting position prompting Roberts to embark on a mission to investigate him. Within the same period Lucas’ business encounters some challenges from Dominic, a mafia boss, and some corrupt detectives who demand to be given a cut from

The Story of Simon Simopath Concept Album Essay

The Story of Simon Simopath Concept Album - Essay Example Even before listening to this song, one would conclude that it is a love song, taking into consideration its name. The Wings of Love is a love song that makes the ten songs within the concept album of Simon Simopath. This song describes the manner through, which Simon was making wishes to the sky to permit him to have wings of love. It narrates how Simon made wishes in regard to possession of the wings and how he asserts that he would reward the skies in the case that he was given the wings of love. In addition, the song goes to an extent of narrating how Simon had made wishes to fall in love using the wings he demanded. There is proper use of rhythmic effects in this song, giving a rather sad feeling of a frustrated person that is in great desire to achieve something. This is a two minute song within the concept album of Simon Simopath. From the manner through, which this song is sung, it evident that it was directed towards Simon Simopath; it narrates the sadness that Simon Simopat h is experiencing. The song involves appropriate use of instrumental i.e. piano and guitars, played in a rhythmic manner, giving the song an love emotions and some sense of sadness regarding the loneliness that was experienced by Simon Simopath. In addition, the melody of the song through the use of the instruments that seems compatible with the singers. The song, â€Å"We can help you† is another song that was included in the concept album, Simon Simopath.

Nowhere Without A Mentor Essay Example for Free

Nowhere Without A Mentor Essay As the journey called life unfolds, imagine what one would be without mentors. Mentor is a vague word used to describe a person who helps another, who is trusted by another, who is a counselor to another, but most of all is someone who influences another. With no mentors or guides the title character in the novel Siddhartha by Herman Hesse, would not have found self. The three characters that have the greatest influence on Siddhartha are Gotama Buddha, Kamala and Vasudeva. From Gotama Buddha, Siddhartha realizes he would rather walk his own path than follow anothers. After pursuing Buddhas followings with his companion Govinda, Siddhartha has a revelation while he is conversing with Gotama. That is why I am going on my way- not to seek another and better doctrine, for I know there is none, but to leave all doctrines and all teachers and to reach my goal alone- or die (34). This quote shows how Gotama has influenced Siddhartha to seek Self unaccompanied, marking a significant turning point in Siddharthas journey. Subsequent to Siddharthas encounter with Buddha, he meets a beautiful woman named Kamala who drastically changes him. The author of Siddhartha explains in detail how the title character slowly takes on characteristics of average citizens while living with Kamala. Gradually, along with his growing riches, Siddhartha himself acquired some of the characteristics of the ordinary people, some of their childishness and some of their anxiety(77). At this point in the novel, Siddhartha begins to be disgusted with himself, and recognizes that life with Kamala is not the place he should be in to find peace. Shortly after he apprehends this, Siddhartha leaves Kamala only to find a peaceful Ferryman, named Vasudeva who introduces Siddhartha to a river. In the following quote, Vasudeva explains to Siddhartha the power of the river that they live by. The river knows everything; one can learn everything from it'(105). This quote shows how Vasudeva introduced Siddhartha to the river that led him to find peace. After Siddharthas long journey and his encounters with many people who influence him, he finds peace within himself. The three characters that have  the greatest influence on Siddhartha are Gotama Buddha, Kamala and Vasudeva. Gotama Buddha helps Siddhartha realize that peace is found without teachers, Kamala changes Siddhartha into an ordinary citizen and Vasudeva introduces Siddhartha to a river that leads him to find peace. Although Siddhartha has much help during his journey to find peace, his own strong will is the deciding factor in him reaching his goal.

Fundamentals of Phonetics Essay Example for Free

Fundamentals of Phonetics Essay Question 34Â  ptsEvery vowel in English has a unique articulatory position based on: (choose as many as apply) Every vowel in English has a unique articulatory position based on: (choose as many as apply) | tongue tenseness| x| tongue height| x| tongue advancement| x| lip rounding| Question 44Â  ptsOne can determine if a vowel is tense or lax by: One can determine if a vowel is tense or lax by: | tongue tension| x| stress| x| duration| x| muscular effort| Question 51Â  ptsThe lax vowels are lower in height than their tense counterparts. The lax vowels are lower in height than their tense counterparts. xx| True| False| Question 61Â  ptsRhotic diphthongs can also be called: nbsp;(choose as many as apply) Rhotic diphthongs can also be called: Â  (choose as many as apply) x| r-colored vowels| | onglides and offglides| x| rhotacized vowels| | lateralized vowels| Question 74Â  ptsWhich of the following list of words contains no front vowels? nbsp;(Choose as many as apply) Which of the following list of words contains no front vowels? (Choose as many as apply) | seat, sit, sat| x| soup, soap, supper| | set, sought, suit| | sought, sot, suit| Question 84Â  ptsWhich of the following sets of vowels have no back vowels? nbsp;(Choose as many as apply) Which of the following sets of vowels have no back vowels? (Choose as many as apply) X| steed, stayed, stud| | stood, stowed, stewed| | skin, scan, scone| | stirred, stove, steer| Question 94Â  ptsThe difference between e and e is: nbsp;(Choose as many as apply) The difference between e and e? is: Â  (Choose as many as apply) x| e occurs in unstressed syllables| x| e? occurs at ends of words| | e? is slightly shorter in duration| | e occurs at the ends of words| Question 104Â  ptsMatch the symbol to its name. Match the symbol to its name. ash ? epsilon ? schwa upsilon ? Question 111Â  ptsThe open o (or backwards c) or [] is: nbsp;(Choose as many as apply) The open o (or backwards c) or [? ] is: Â  (Choose as many as apply) | lax| x| slightly lower than [o]| x| is al ways used in the transcription of or as [? r]| | is used in the word coat| Question 121Â  ptsWe commonly use the wedge instead of the schwa when: nbsp;(Choose as many as apply) We commonly use the wedge instead of the schwa when: Â  (Choose as many as apply) x| the syllable is stressed| | at the end of a word| x| the tongue is slightly lower and more backed| | the syllable is unstressed| Question 134Â  ptsIn which of the following words would we find lip rounding? nbsp;(Choose as many as apply) In which of the following words would we find lip rounding? (Choose as many as apply) x| put| x| toad| x| door| xx| herd| Question 141Â  ptsWhich diphthongs occur only in diphthong form? Which diphthongs occur only in diphthong form? | a? , e? , o? | | e? , o? , ? | x| a? , , | | ? , a? , u? | Question 151Â  ptsWhich diphthong begins in the low mid back position and ends in the high front position? Which diphthong begins in the low mid back position and ends in the high front position? | a? | | o? | o? | x| | Question 164Â  ptsWhich vowels are affected by syllable stress? nbsp;(Choose as many as apply) Which vowels are affected by syllable stress? (Choose as many as apply) x| e| | ? | x| o| x| ? | Question 174Â  ptsWhich vowels are lax? nbsp;(Choose as many as apply) Which vowels are lax? (Choose as many as apply) x| ? | x| ? | X| ? | | e| Question 184Â  pts Which vowels are back? nbsp;(Choose as many as apply) Which vowels are back? (Choose as many as apply) X| u| | ? | X| o| X| ? | Question 194Â  ptsWhich vowels are mid? nbsp;(Choose as many as apply) Which vowels are mid? (Choose as many as apply) | a| | ? | X| ? | | ? | Question 204Â  ptsMatch the following words to the correct transcription Match the following words to the correct transcription choose ?uz chose ?oz chows ?a? z cheese ?iz Question 217Â  ptsMatch the following words to the correct transcription. Match the following words to the correct transcription. course k? rs cures kj? rz cars karz curse k? rs cores k? rz cuss k? s case ke? s Question 227Â  ptsMatch the following words to their correct transcriptions. Match the following words to their correct transcriptions. thee ?i thou ?a? though ?o the they ?e? thigh ?a? thaw Quiz saved at 12:50pm

Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)

Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) Spectral analysis, thermal behavior, XRD and morphology study in synthesis of carbon nanotubes decorated by Cysteamine Or A simple and efficient procedure for synthesis of Thiolic Composite with use Oxide Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Or A simple and efficient procedure for synthesis of composite thiol with use oxide multi walled carbon nanotube and sulfur Or Behnam Maazinejad, Hamidreza Sadegh, Imran Ali, Ramin Shahryari Ghoshekandi, Vahid Ali Abstract In this paper, the effects of multi-Walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were studied as supports for the synthesis of MWCNT-COOH-Cysteamine nanocomposite. At first Purification MWCNT in H2SO4 and HNO3, solved and the solution earned ultrasound was to attain the equilibrium temperature to functionalization of carboxylate multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH). Then using Cysteamine hydrochloride and NHS and DMF and EDC and MWCNT-COOH the mixture was refluxing. The prepared on thiol derivatized nanocomposite were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, FTIR spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Keywords MWCNTs, Carbon nanotubes, Functionalization, Cysteamine, Surface modification, Nanocomposite, Thiol, CNT 1. Introduction Nanotechnology is significantly impressive Science and Economy in the 21st century [1]. Carbon, in different forms, has been long used as the main constituent material of solid electrodes as a further too metal electrodes [2]. After the first Iijima elucidation of their structures in 1991 [3], carbon nanotubes have attracted considerable interdisciplinary interest [4]. Carbon nanotubes are promising additives for thermoplastics, due to their superior mechanical, thermal, magnetic and electrical properties [5]. To optimize the potential applications of carbon nanotubes, it is essential to modify the carbon nanotubes with functional groups and/or nanoparticles in order to integrate the carbon nanotubes into desired structures or attach suitable nanostructures to them [6]. Carbon nanotubes possess high flexibility, large aspect ratios (Normally >1000), unique internal structures, electrical conductivity, high chemical activity, low mass density, high electro active surface area, thermal stability and great mechanical strength [7]. CNTs have extraordinary electrical conductivity and heat conductivity and mechanical properties, they are probably the top electron field-emitter possible, and their material properties can accordingly approach closely the very high levels intrinsic to them [8]. Hence, CNT’s have received considerable attention for usage in chemistry and environmental remediation [9]. CNTs represent an exquisite class of nanomaterials that stepped into the nanomedicine arena not more than a decade behind [10]. The two main types of carbon nanotubes are the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), yet there are some other rare types such as fullerite, torus, and nanoknot [11]. Surface functional groups can modify the surface charge, functionality and reactivity of the surface, and increase the stability, and dispensability of Different materials [12-13]. Organic sulfur compounds are wide-spreading in numerous natural products and widely used as multiple artificial chemicals [14]. The structure and surface chemistry of organic thin films is a research region related to several interfacial processes, including biological events, lubrication, adhesion, wettability, corrosion, electrochemistry, and microelectronic fabrication. To acquire the optimum performance of a material or device in one of these applications, the organic thin film must be prepared with the right type, concentration, and arrangement of functional handle. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes is found to be an efficient way of modification processes which in public is divided in two main categories: noncovalent and covalent. Covalent functionalization is an irretrievable process of appendag e on the nanotube walls or tips it is based on the formation of a covalent coupling between functional entities and the carbon skeleton of nanotubes. Non-covalent functionalization is based on supramolecular complexation using different adsorption forces, such as van der Waals, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic force and Ï€-Ï€ stacking interactions. [57.15-55-56]. Thiols are the maximum reactive nucleophilic reagents among altogether the biological models investigated [16]. Thiol group is an alright ligand because of its strong affinity to various heavy metal ions as a result of Lewis acid–base interactions [17]. To various heavy metal ions as a result of Lewis acid–base interactions [3]. Thiol Derivatives paper Cysteamine an aminothiol, is used to decrease tissue cystine content in patients with nephropathic cystinosis, an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder in which intracellular cystine accumulates due to impaired redeploy out of lysosomes [18]. Cysteamine is a sulfhydryl containing compound which appears to arise from the decarboxylation of cysteine or the breakdown of pantetheine [19]. Scheme 1. Is a schematic Cysteamine. [20] Scheme 1. Cysteamine Table 2: Structure and characteristics of Cysteamine [21] Cysteamine () is one of the simplest molecules able to bond with the each atoms surface through its sulfur and nitrogen atoms and a prerequisite for the design of compact monolayers with acceptable properties is a fundamental understanding of the forces captive in the self-assembly process, and the characterization of the film at the molecular level [22]. Cysteamine as drug applications that have been noted in the table 3 below: Table 3 In this study, we functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes with carboxyl group and thiol-derivatized via condensation reaction between carboxylated-MWCNT powders and Cysteamine. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, TEM and TGA were used to characterize the presence of Cysteamine on the MWCNT-COOH surface. 2. Experimental Procedures 2.1. Materials Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with Purity 95 %, outer diameter and length and manufacturing method catalytic chemical vapor deposition were purchased from US Research Nanomaterials, Inc. Sulfuric acid (97 %, AR grade) and nitric acid (37%, AR grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF:98%), 1-ethyl-(3-3’-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC: 97%), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS: 99%) were purchased from Merck Millipore and Cysteamine hydrochloride (99%) were purchased from sigma Aldrich and used as received unless otherwise stated. 2.2 Characterization methods 2.2.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD) X-ray diffraction studies were carried out with an X-ray diffractometer (Model No. D8-Advance, Bruker AXS). 2.1.2 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) The functional groups on the MWCNTs surface were determined using Fourier transform infrared FTIR method (VERTEX 70, Brucker). FTIR spectrum of MWCNTS was recorded in the range of 4000– 400 using pellets method. 2.2.3 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) The morphologies and sizes of the nano-structures were characterized by transmission electron microscope â€Å"TEM† (PHILIPS EM 208). 2.2.4 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out using a TG Labsys DSC, Setaram. 2.2.5 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) The size and morphology of MWCNTs was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (VEGA3, TESCAN). 2.3 Synthesis method At first [1] (1g) was treated with 20% hydrochloric acid for 120 min sonication, to remove impurities such as residual catalysts and amorphous carbons in the phase of synthesis , Then the sample was filtered with Millipore membrane filter 0.22 and washed many successive times with distilled water. 2.3.1 Oxidation of MWCNTs Multi-walled carbon nanotubes was synthesized by a formerly reported method [52-53]. 0.75 g of pristine MWCNTs was added to 180ml mixture of concentrated HNO3 and H2SO4 (1:3, v/v) and then ultrasonicated for a course of 140 min. then mixture was transferred to a flask equipped with a condenser and was refluxed with drastic shocking at 75 for 6 h. After cooling to Ambient temperature the mixture was filtered with filters paper and filtrated solid was washed thoroughly by deionized water until the filtrate pH was close to neutral. The filter sample was then dried in a vacuum oven at 80 oC for 120 min. The sample was abbreviated as MWCNT-COOH. 2.3.2 [1] Pavani, K. V., Gayathramma, K., Banerjee, A., Suresh, S. (2013). Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extracts of Ipomoea i ndica Flowers. American Journal of Nanomaterials, 1(1), 5-8. [2] Garcà ­a-Gonzà ¡lez, R., Fernà ¡ndez-La Villa, A., Costa-Garcà ­a, A., Fernà ¡ndez-Abedul, M. T. (2013). Dispersion studies of carboxyl, amine and thiol-functionalized carbon nanotubes for improving the electrochemical behavior of screen printed electrodes. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 181, 353-360. [3] Sanagi, M. M., Hussain, I., Ibrahim, W. A. W., Yahaya, N., Kamaruzaman, S., Abidin, N. N. Z., Ali, I. (2014). Micro extraction of Xenobiotics and Biomolecules from Different Matrices on Nano Structures. Separation Purification Reviews, (just-accepted). [4] Sadegh, H., Shahryari-Ghoshekandi, R., Kazemi, M. (2014). Study in synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes decorated by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. International Nano Letters, 4(4), 129-135. [5] Mahmoodi, M., Arjmand, M., Sundararaj, U., Park, S. (2012). The electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding of injection molded multi-walled carbon nanotube/polystyrene composites. Carbon, 50(4), 1455-1464. [6] Zhang, Q., Zhu, M., Zhang, Q., Li, Y., Wang, H. (2009). The formation of magnetite nanoparticles on the sidewalls of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Composites Science and Technology, 69(5), 633-638. [7] Mahmoodian, H., Moradi, O., Shariatzadeh, B. (2014). Grafting chitosan and polyHEMA on carbon nanotubes surfaces: â€Å"Grafting to† and â€Å"Grafting from† methods. International journal of biological macromolecules, 63, 92-97. [8] Moradi, O., Sadegh, H., Shahryari-Ghoshekandi, R., Norouzi, M. (2014). Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Nanomedicine: New Medical Approach for Tomorrow. Handbook of Research on Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in Biomedicine, Chemistry, and Engineering, 90. [9] Bahrami, K., Khodaei, M. M., Soheilizad, M. (2009). Direct conversion of thiols to sulfonyl chlorides and sulfonamides. The Journal of organic chemistry, 74(24), 9287-9291. [10] Jain, S., Thakare, V. S., Das, M., Godugu, C., Jain, A. K., Mathur, R., Mishra, A. K. (2011). Toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with end defects critically depends on their functionalization density. Chemical research in toxicology, 24(11), 2028-2039. [11] Aqel, A., El-Nour, K. M., Ammar, R. A., Al-Warthan, A. (2012). Carbon nanotubes, science and technology part (I) structure, synthesis and characterisation. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 5(1), 1-23. [12] Wang, Y., Iqbal, Z., Mitra, S. (2006). Rapidly functionalized, water-dispersed carbon nanotubes at high concentration. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128(1), 95-99. [13] Saleh, T. A., Gupta, V. K. (2013). Covalent and Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes.Advanced Carbon Materials and Technology, 317-330. [14] VukoviĆ¡, G. D., MarinkoviĆ¡, A. D., ÄŒoliĆ¡, M., RistiĆ¡, M. Ä ., AleksiĆ¡, R., PeriĆ¡-GrujiĆ¡, A. A., UskokoviĆ¡, P. S. (2010). Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by oxidized and ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157(1), 238-248. [15] Castner, D. G., Hinds, K., Grainger, D. W. (1996). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy sulfur 2p study of organic thiol and disulfide binding interactions with gold surfaces. Langmuir, 12(21), 5083-5086. [16] Holmgren, A., Sengupta, R. (2010). The use of thiols by ribonucleotide reductase. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 49(11), 1617-1628. [17] Vieira, E. S., Simoni, J. A. (1997). Interaction of cations with SH-modified silica gel: thermochemical study through calorimetric titration and direct extent of reaction determination. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 7(11), 2249-2252. [18] Gahl, W. A. (2003). Early oral Cysteamine therapy for nephropathic cystinosis. European journal of pediatrics, 162(1), S38-S41. [19] Kuņºmierek, K., Bald, E. (2008). Measurement of reduced and total Mercaptamine in urine using liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Biomedical Chromatography, 22(4), 441-445. [20] Reid, E. Emmet (1958). Organic Chemistry of Bivalent Sulfur 1. New York: Chemical Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 398–399. [21] Lukashin, B. P., Grebeniuk, A. N. (2000). [Comparative study of the radiation-protective effectiveness of low doses of cysteamine, heparin, and naphtizine in experiments on mice]. Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, 41(3), 310-312. [22] Bloxham, S., Eicherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Lorka, O., JakubÄ-nas, R., Niaura, G. (2003). Adsorption of Cysteamine at Copper Electrodes as Studied by Surfaceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Spectroscopy letters, 36(3), 211-226. [23] Dayalu, P., Albin, R. L. (2015). Huntington Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment. Neurologic clinics, 33(1), 101-114. [24] Kurlan, R., Evans, R., Wrigley, S., McPartland, S., Bustami, R., Cotter, A. (2015). Tai Chi in Parkinson’s disease: A Preliminary Randomized, Controlled, and Rater-Blinded Study. Advances in Parkinsons disease, 4(01), 9. [25] Than, N. N., Newsome, P. N. (2015). A concise review of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Atherosclerosis. 239(1), 192–202. [26] Bordon, Y. (2015). Microbiota: Gut bacteria cross malaria. Nature Reviews Immunology, 15(1), 1-1. [27] Brawer, J.R. et al. (1994) the origin and composition of peroxidase-positive granules in cysteamine-treated astrocytes in culture. Brain Res. 633, 9–20. [52] Wu, T. M., Lin, Y. W. (2006). Doped polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites: Preparation, characterization and properties. Polymer, 47(10), 3576-3582. [53] Xu, J., Yao, P., Li, X., He, F. (2008). Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble and conducting sulfonated polyaniline/ para-phenylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes nano-composite. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 151(3), 210-219. [55] Ansari, R., Ajori, S., Rouhi, S. (2015). Elastic properties and buckling behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with diethyltoluenediamines using molecular dynamics simulations. Superlattices and Microstructures, 77, 54-63. [56] Bie, B. X., Han, J. H., Lu, L., Zhou, X. M., Qi, M. L., Zhang, Z., Luo, S. N. (2015). Dynamic fracture of carbon nanotube/epoxy composites under high strain-rate loading. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 68, 282-288. [57] Shi, Q., Yang, D., Su, Y., Li, J., Jiang, Z., Jiang, Y., Yuan, W. (2007). Covalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by lipase. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 9(6), 1205-1210. [1] Raw Carbon nanotubes( pure carbon nanotubes: p-MWCNT)

Images of Roots, Rock, Reggae… :: essays papers

Images of Roots, Rock, Reggae†¦ "This small space became my canvas and window to introduce reggae visually to the world." -Neville Garrick, a reggae album cover artist. In my opinion (and what I’ve learned from this class), is that art is a great means of self-expression. To me, art is a visual stimulator, an educator, and the source of a deeper meaning that the artist only truly knows. Artists such as Picasso, Monet, and Van Goh have provided us with masterpieces to interpret and enjoy, although, as I’ve also learned, you don’t have to be a renowned artist in order to make a statement. From the most minute of sketches, blossom pieces of artwork. Thus, as Charles Biederman states in his book, Art as the Evolution of Visual Knowledge: Many great artists and art cultures have been born, have lived and died, but art has been born only once and as yet has never died. Thus we consider it as a single organism many thousands of years old, and the result of efforts of untold millions of artists; an organism which has been developing in some arbitrary fashion, but in a definite and specific direction, as specific as the operation of the organisms that produced the art. It is necessary that we become coherently conscious of the particular stage of this development as it exists in our century, if progress in art is to be continued. (Biederman 20) Here, Mr. Biederman is relating to the efforts of artists to produce development and change, or consciousness there of. Many artists go "untold"; meaning, from the largest of cities to the smallest of islands, art lives. Therefore, as my main focus for this paper, I chose to rely on art (and Jah!) to be my guide and to provide me with an understanding as to what Jamaica, Rastafarianism, and Reggae are all about. In particular, I took a look at reggae album cover-art as a means of study. Reggae music defines a particular identity for the Rastas and/or Jamaicans. It is a means of communication, thus, reggae album cover art adds more to the music and together, both the art and the lyrics, and make a bold statement. Art, it should be understood, produced the first forms of recorded language, a language just as reliable for making investigations of human development as is that with which we are familiar in the remains of Egyptian cultures, etc.

A short story: do we have a choice :: essays research papers

Short Story ‘Do we have a choice?’ Laying down on the Hostels Bed, the two best Friends -Zeba and Zaraa- remembered the time they have spent together. The have been friends since the age of five. The started school together, studied together, partied together and whatever they did did it together. Now they graduated together from King Edwards, a university in Lahore- Pakistan, and had to go back to their own homes. â€Å"Oh Zeba,† said Zaraa â€Å"do you remember the most famous mischievous act that we did in year four and that which everyone still remembers? The time when you kept a dead cockroach in Ms. Nadia Study book?† â€Å"Yeah, that was in year four, right? Oh God, I envy those days so much. We were young at that time, we were like birds that have just gained their freedom, and there was no one to stop us, no one to tell us off, and no one who had control over us. We were all by our selves but now we have grown up and remembering those days would not help. Zaraa, you have to get over it, this had to happen someday and we were expecting this separation. I have to get married and settle down and so do you. I have to leave tonight; my family is waiting for me,† explained Zeba to Zaraa. They were now old enough to get married; their parents had selected their life partners for them and what they had to do was give their approval. The two were such a pair that one could show another the true meaning of friendship that true friends possess. They had been friends for as long as anyone could remember. The separation was not easy for the two. They wished to stay together their entire life. Now whe n they have to separate they are not willing to do so. Zeba had to leave today and Zaraa, tomorrow. They both belonged to completely different backgrounds and came from different places. Despite all the troubles between the two families, the two, Zeba and Zaraa, managed to survive their friendship. All day long the two roamed around the room to work out a way in which they could stay together, forever. Flop after flop ideas popped into their heads but then Zaraa shrieked, â€Å"I have got an idea† and before Zeba could say anything she said â€Å"and I bet you this is a good one. A short story: do we have a choice :: essays research papers Short Story ‘Do we have a choice?’ Laying down on the Hostels Bed, the two best Friends -Zeba and Zaraa- remembered the time they have spent together. The have been friends since the age of five. The started school together, studied together, partied together and whatever they did did it together. Now they graduated together from King Edwards, a university in Lahore- Pakistan, and had to go back to their own homes. â€Å"Oh Zeba,† said Zaraa â€Å"do you remember the most famous mischievous act that we did in year four and that which everyone still remembers? The time when you kept a dead cockroach in Ms. Nadia Study book?† â€Å"Yeah, that was in year four, right? Oh God, I envy those days so much. We were young at that time, we were like birds that have just gained their freedom, and there was no one to stop us, no one to tell us off, and no one who had control over us. We were all by our selves but now we have grown up and remembering those days would not help. Zaraa, you have to get over it, this had to happen someday and we were expecting this separation. I have to get married and settle down and so do you. I have to leave tonight; my family is waiting for me,† explained Zeba to Zaraa. They were now old enough to get married; their parents had selected their life partners for them and what they had to do was give their approval. The two were such a pair that one could show another the true meaning of friendship that true friends possess. They had been friends for as long as anyone could remember. The separation was not easy for the two. They wished to stay together their entire life. Now whe n they have to separate they are not willing to do so. Zeba had to leave today and Zaraa, tomorrow. They both belonged to completely different backgrounds and came from different places. Despite all the troubles between the two families, the two, Zeba and Zaraa, managed to survive their friendship. All day long the two roamed around the room to work out a way in which they could stay together, forever. Flop after flop ideas popped into their heads but then Zaraa shrieked, â€Å"I have got an idea† and before Zeba could say anything she said â€Å"and I bet you this is a good one.

Schindlers List Essay -- essays research papers

Schindler’s List   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oskar Schindler was a wealthy German industrialist, who made much of his wealth by employing Jewish men and women in his various factories. In the movie â€Å" Schindler’s List,† it starts off with Schindler in a restaurant with many high ranking Nazi officers eating there. He starts off by buying a officer a bottle of expensive wine, but it does not end there. Before the night is gone he has boughten dinner for all of the officers. This is how he made friends, friends with power.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At this point the War was already underway and Schindler seized an oppurtunity to make money. Thinking ahead he hires a Jewish accountant that he believes is very qualified for that position. At first this accountant is careful of the way he acts around Schindler because Schindler is a member of the Nazi Party and fears for his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The point of the movie in which Schindler starts to view the Jewish people differently is when the Nazis start to flush out the ghettos. From a hilltop he watches, especially a little girl walking through the streets like she is abandoned. At this time he starts to pull his favors from those officers he treated to dinner a while back. He meets Geoth, a SS officer that is known for his cruelty in the Concentration Camps. Schindler starts to gain the trust and admiration of Geoth and he takes advantage of that friendship. He tells Geoth that he will pay him a certain am...

Continental Airlines

Case Study: Continental Airline? s Tech Strategy Takes Off Continental Airline’s Tech Strategy Takes Off Amrita Ranchhod 152109103 Amrita Ranchhod Pagina 1 Case Study: Continental Airline? s Tech Strategy Takes Off Company profile Continental Airlines is the world’s fifth largest airline. Continental, together with Continental Express and Continental Connection, has more than 2,750 daily departures throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia, serving 133 domestic and 132 international destinations. More than 750 additional points are served via current alliance partners. Continental has hubs serving New York, Houston, Cleveland and Guam, and together with its regional partners, carries approximately 63 million passengers per year. Based in Houston, Texas, the airline must provide an IT infrastructure to support its global reach. Its IT department delivers services for internal operations as well as for its customer service and external Web applications. 0. Make a small description of the case pointing out the main management issues. This case study demonstrates how Continental Airlines adopted new strategies and how they got successful when most of the U. S. based airlines were in risk of bankruptcy after the 9/11. The company wasn’t very highly regarded because of its organizational culture and it’s IT and Biz. Strategy weren’t aligned. Continental slowly reinvented itself by using new strategies, â€Å"Worst to First† which made them one of the most admired global airline in the world. They used IT as a service centre and aligned Biz. with IT. 1. Describe the external environment and Continental’s strategic goals After the 9/11, the nation’s airline industry struggled to regain altitude, because of the loss of billion of dollars since a smaller number of people wanted to fly which made thousands of people loose their jobs. But it is believe that the U. S. airlines were already struggling before the attack due to broader economic and competitive issues. Also, economics problems in the U. S. and Japan and the weakening of the dollar has not helped for the recovery of the airline industry. See appendix 1) The legacy carriers – American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, United, Continental Northwest and US Airways had to face new lower-cost competitors entering their Amrita Ranchhod Pagina 2 Case Study: Continental Airline? s Tech Strategy Takes Off markets, and all airlines had to face soaring fuel prices over the last years. According to Phil Baggaley, the senior airlines credit analyst for rating agency Standard & Poor’s, â€Å"The legacy carriers were forced to pull back their capacity and that opened a vacuum that the low-cost carriers could fill. I think 9/11 made a material difference in that way -it accelerated a trend that was already occurring. † (www. money. cnn. com). This lead to an unused aircraft, demand for new planes went down which didn’t help the manufacturers and their suppliers. To understand better Continental Airline’s external environment I will use SWOT analysis: Strenghts ? Revenue : Revenues increased of 17. 1% from 2005 to 2006 ? Profits: Operating Profit: during fiscal year 2006 operating profit was $468 million, compared to operating loss of $39 in 2005. Net Profit: during fiscal year 2006, net profit was $343 million, compared to net loss of $68 in 2005. ? CEO: The CEO of Continental Airlines played and important role in stimulating the company. The â€Å"Go Forward Plan† made possible to focus on every aspect of the organization. ? Target Market: Having a well-defined target market, Continental provides services to upper-class and business travelers. ? IT Integration ? Clear Vision Amrita Ranchhod Pagina 3 Case Study: Continental Airline? s Tech Strategy Takes Off Weaknesses ? Financial Difficulties: The company had some financial problems with great amount of debts and operating at loss. ? High Operating Costs: Continental had a high operating cost because they decided to attract consumers by offering in-flight meals preventing them from going to other airlines. Opportunities: ? Reestablishing Customer Base: The airline industry is becoming â€Å"normal† as in returning to pre-9/11 status. ? Align new marketing strategy, more consumer oriented, with low cost strategies. Threats: ? September 11th: The public lost faith in the airline industry after the September 11th and for many companies this meant bankruptcy. Even after this, the majority of the airline industry had lower profits. ? Oil prices were getting high ? Increasing Rivalry As stated in the case study, Continental Airlines was ranked at the very bottom of the list of airlines and regularly received low marks for customer service. Its external environmental was very instable and each carrier was trying very hard to save the company from bankruptcy. The company had 45 different CRM systems and the carrier had no way to verify who the most important customers were. The company’s strategy was mainly to identify and increase the loyalty of continental’s most important customer and also to find new customers even outside the U. S. keeping prices stable and increasing routes. The way they implemented this strategy was basically creating and IT department which would improve customer services and operations. Bethune’s â€Å"Worst to First† business strategy made reorganize the Amrita Ranchhod Pagina 4 Case Study: Continental Airline? Tech Strategy Takes Off company’s structure by launching new service routes. But according in Teradata (www. teradata. com), Bethune’s â€Å"Worst to First† business strategy relied little on technology. Bethune began by reshaping the company with his â€Å"Go Forward Plan,† which still guides the business today. The Go Forward Plan has four interrel ated parts, dealing with the airline’s product, finances, market and people: ? Fly to Win: Understand what products customers want and what they are willing to pay for. ? Fund the Future: Manage costs and cash flow so the airline can continue to operate. Make Reliability a Reality: Get customers to their destination safely, on time and with their luggage. ? Work Together: Create a culture where people want to come to work. The second phase of Bethune’s strategy, â€Å"First to Favorite†, the IT team decided to transform the airline’s CRM systems into one which made possible to save around $6 million costs in operating costs. 2. What are the new management capabilities and business processes? Are they information-intensive? How they work? Continental’s success was due to the use of innovative technologies to improve internal operations and customer service. The real-time data warehouse provided data from 25 internal operational systems and two external data sources loaded into the data warehouse. The source systems included: schedules, inventory, employee and crew payroll, airline tickets, customer care, and others and it was applied to areas such as revenue management, customer relationship management, flight management dashboard and fraud detection. The CVM provided by Continental’s database, allowed them to Amrita Ranchhod Pagina 5 Case Study: Continental Airline? s Tech Strategy Takes Off know the most profitable customers which helped the marketing department in customer segmentation. Management understood that good quality information was critical. According to Jane Beeby, Continental’s Senior Director, as part of its strategy to optimize service, Continental maintains unique 800 numbers for various types of customers. For example, international fliers dial a different number than do customers booking domestic flights. Rewards Program members have their own toll-free line. To even more precisely identify individual customer needs, callers may also respond to a series of network-level prompts before being connected to an agent. (www. cisco. com). The new capabilities and business processes attained by the company made possible to know more about their customers which lead to more profit and consequently to a better customer service. 3. Does IT have a strategic role at Continental? (Apply Porter’s 5 forces model) As an early adopter of new technology, Continental Airlines uses the latest information technology allowing the company to progress. I believe that IT was a brilliant opportunity to invest in the future providing real-time business intelligence which made possible to save $500 million in costs and revenues produced a ROI (Return on Investment) of more than 1. 00% (See Appendix 2). One thing worth mentioning is that one of the key resources at Continental were the employees. More productive employees lead to better margins. The ability to deal with problems efficiently, in turn, created job satisfaction, as employee see their efforts give way results. According to Porter’s analysis, The Five Forces determ ine the competitive intensity and therefore the attractiveness of a market. Amrita Ranchhod Pagina 6 Case Study: Continental Airline? s Tech Strategy Takes Off Threat of New Entrants: Continental is implementing a unique strategy making hard for new companies to enter the market and uncrease barriers. Therefore, there is a low threat of new entrants because the service they are offering is difficult to copy ? Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers will decrease because as Continental is controlling more information about customers therefore they are offering exactly what costumers need which makes possible to build brand awareness – the bargaining power of the company increases. Threat of Substitutes: The IS strategy gives to Continental Airline a competitive advantage because they control customer’s information therefore they are able to capture loyalty of them and minimize substitutes. ? Bargaining Power of Buyers: Since there is a new IS th e company is increasing barriers for customers switching costs. The buyers are becoming more loyal and establishing a bound to the company services which makes difficult for them to change. Therefore the bargaining power of buyers is decreasing. Conclusion – The information systems at Continental have a strategic impact in because they have a major positive impact in: ? Increasing Industry Rivalry ? Lowering Customer Bargain Power 4. Regarding their business value analyse the IT systems mentioned positioning them in McFarlans’s Matrix. According to the McFarlan’s Matrix listed bellow, for example CRM (Customer Relationship Management) plays a strategic role in Continental’s Airline, because the existing and future expansion is vital to the firm’s success. CRM made possible the Amrita Ranchhod Pagina 7 Case Study: Continental Airline? s Tech Strategy Takes Off lose relationship between the company’s customers and each employee, giving these last ones better information about specific needs of their customers. Loyalty is very important for them, so by using the data warehouse with real time information ensured higher customer retention. The CRM system also facilitated crossselling (off ering customers complimentary products based on their previous purchases) and up-selling (offering customer’s premium products in the same category). Amrita Ranchhod Pagina 8 Case Study: Continental Airline? s Tech Strategy Takes Off 5. How the process of Biz and IT alignment should be performed at Continental? Make 3 recommendations. Alignment is always going to be a moving target. Business objectives are in change, while IT tends to move in more stable patterns. From my point of view the key recommendation is to focus on what can the company achieve now and take one step at a time. For them to be aligned there should be a balanced in terms of communication. Business people â€Å"speak in business language† and IT people in technical terms. To solve this problem, we should put this two together and â€Å"make them† find their own language and this involves communication, process alignment and value demonstration. These people must have the right tools and skills to work together so they can arise the best strategies. In my point of view, creating a new department, in theory is easy but they are always full of obstacles and always busy. For example, employees profiles can be created to gather information about their competencies. Also within the organization make audit objective as ensuring a strong coupling between the business operations and the IT operations and to ensure that both the operations align with the overall business strategy. Amrita Ranchhod Pagina 9 Case Study: Continental Airline? Tech Strategy Takes Off References Chris Isidore, (September 8th 2006), Airlines still in upheaval, 5 years after 9/11: www. money. cnn. com [Acessed at 15th November, 2009] Teradata Corporation, Case-Study – Data Warehousing: www. teradata. com [Assessed at 16th November, 2009] Cisco Systems, Inc, Soaring with Intelligent Contact Management: www. cisco. com [ Assessed at 16th November, 2009] Amrita Ranchhod Pagina 10 Case Study: Continental Airline? s Tech Strategy Takes Off Appendix 1: Amrita Ranchhod Pagina 11 Case Study: Continental Airline? s Tech Strategy Takes Off Appendix 2: Amrita Ranchhod Pagina 12 Continental Airlines Meagan Young Chapter 10 I believe that Lorenzo’s confrontation with Continental’s unions could have been conducted a different way. They could simply listen to each other’s viewpoint and not interrupt with one another is speaking. This way each other can hear their viewpoint and maybe understand one another better. If Lorenzo would have listened to what his employees were trying to say, he may have gotten ideas from them and used them for his company. Both these companies experienced commonalities and contrasts. Both Bethunes and Southwest Airlines experienced debt issues. Both companies were puzzled as how to deal with this situation. Both companies however had the similar approaches as how to deal with the debt situations. Bethune definitely has a better management style than Lorenzo’s. this is because Bethune was willing to come up with solutions to come out of debt. He also made dramatic changes. In 1995, through a â€Å"renewed focus on flight schedules and incentive pay,† he greatly improved on-time performance, along with lost-baggage claims and customer complaints. Better communications was also a key element in improving employee relationships and the spirit of teamwork. Information was shared with employees through newsletters, updates on bulletin boards, email, voice-mail, and electronic signs over worldwide places. As you can see Bethune really wanted to improve Continental Airlines because he wanted what was best for the company. Bethune proved a master at changing employees’ attitudes and their sense of pride. Few top executives ever faced such a negative workforce, reflecting the Lorenzo years. But Bethune changed all this, and in such a short time. is open-door policy and open houses to encourage employees to interact with him and other top executives was a simple gesture, but so effective, as was his opening wide the channels of communication about company plans. The incentive plans for improving performance, and the freeing up of employee initiatives by abolishing the rigidity of formal policies, were further positives. He enge ndered an atmosphere of teamwork and a personal image of an appreciative CEO. This goes to show that Bethune is a trustworthy man and cares much about his company and the employees. The paint issue shouldn’t be a big issue. It gave the company a new look I think. Giving employees some kind of reward such as a bonus or incentive seems ideal. When they reach a certain goal or percentage and show they are hardworking employees, they could receive one of these. Before doing this I would supervise how they are working to make sure they are doing what they are supposed to. After studying their work ethics I would then determine what kind of reward I would present to them. Lack of communication is one of the biggest issues with not only top executives but anyone in the company. I’m sure not all of the upper management had the same ideas for Continental, and because of this some were left behind. This could be a downfall because one of them could have had a really good idea to present to the company. Because workers are not getting paid what they should, you can offer them something else. You can offer them better company benefits. This can help the employee tremendously, especially if they have a family. You could also tell the workers that if they reach a certain percentage that they can receive a raise. All of these ideas can motivate an employee to work harder at their job.

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Immobilization of Amylase on Magnetic Nanoparticles Essay

Abstract ÃŽ ±-amylase was immobilized covalently on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. The synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles was done by the coprecipitation conventional method. The chemical composition and particle size of the synthesized particles was confirmed via X-ray diffraction. Tyrosine, Lucien and chitosan and glutaraldehyde were investigated to make a covalent binding between the iron oxide magnetic core and the immobilized enzyme. Immobilization using chitosan and glutaraldehyde show the best result. Finally the immobilization efficiency was tested by determination of protein concentration in a solution before and after mixing with the magnetic nanoparticles. Introduction In the last two decades, new terms with the prefix `nano’ have rushed into the scientific vocabulary; nanoparticle, nanostructure, nanotechnology, nanomaterial, nanocluster, nanochemistry, nanocolloids, nanoreactor and so on. Nanoparticles, are defined as particulate dispersions with a size in the range of 10-100nm (Gubin et al, 2005). Magnetic nanoparticles have gained a remarkable interest in the last years both for basic research and applied studies. The use of magnetic nanostructures has been proven in biochemistry, biomedicine, and waste treatment among other fields. This broad range of applications is based on the fact that magnetic particles have very large magnetic moments, which allow them to be transported and driven by external magnetic fields. The magnetic nanostructures have also a great potential in biotechnological processes taking into account that they can be utilized as a carrier for enzymes during different biocatalytic transformations (Dussà ¡n et al, 2007 ). Different types of biomolecules such as proteins, enzymes, antibodies, and anticancer agents can be immobilized on these nanoparticles. Magnetic supports for immobilization purpose are either prepared by incorporating magnetic particles during the synthesis of the supporting polymer or magnetic particles itself be coated with common support materials such as dextran or agarose. Recently, a new method for the direct binding of proteins on magnetic nanoparticles via carbodiimide activation was proposed (Ren et al, 2011). Immobilization is one of the efficient methods to improve enzyme stability. There are various methods for immobilization of enzymes on many different types of supports. It can be a chemical method in which ionic or covalent bond formations occur between the enzyme and the carrier, or it can be a physical method, such as adsorption or entrapment of the enzyme in or on a solid support material. Magnetic nanoparticles as immobilization materials have advantage based on its property and size that make it desirable for using it in various applications (Mateo et al, 2007). Iron oxide nanoparticles, Fe3O4, are one of the widely used types of magnetic nanoparticles and have great potential for applications in biology and medicine due to their strong magnetic properties and low toxicity (Jalal et al, 2011) Review of literature I) Magnetic nanoparticles: The historical development of nanoparticles starting with Paul Ehrlich and then first attempts by Ursula Scheffel and colleagues and the extensive work by the group of Professor Peter Speiser at the ETH Zà ¼rich in the late 1960s and early 1970s (Jà ¶rg Kreuter 2007). They are solid particles with a size from 10 to 100nm which can be manipulated using magnetic field. Such particles commonly consist of magnetic elements such as iron, nickel and cobalt. They have been used in catalysis, biomedicine, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic particle imaging, data storage , environmental remediation and optical filters (Gubin et al, 2005). Magnetic nanoparticles as immobilization materials have the following advantages: simple and inexpensive production, can be released in controlled manner, stable magnetic properties of complexed nanoparticles and easy isolation steps in short time. Among these materials, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles are the most commonly studied. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles have good biocompatibility, strong superparamagnetism, low toxicity, and an easy preparation process, and their use in biosensors has already shown attractive prospects (Sheng-Fu Wang and Yu-Mei Tan, 2007). II) Magnetic core material: There are many magnetic materials available with a wide range of magnetic properties. such as cobalt, chromium and iron oxide-based materials such as magnetite and maghemite. The suitable magnetic materials depend on applications the MNP will apply in (Dobson et al, 2007). Magnetite Fe3O4: Magnetite is a common mineral which exhibits ferro (ferri) magnetic properties. The structure of magnetite belongs to the spinel group, which has a formula of AB2O4. Its ferromagnetic structures arise from alternating lattices of Fe(II) and Fe(III). This gives it a very strong magnetization compared to naturally occurring antiferromagnetic compounds such as the ferrihydrite core of the ferritin protein (McBain et al, 2008). III) Synthesis of iron Magnetic nanoparticles: There were many synthesis methods for magnetic nanoparticles one of these is Co-precipitation. This method may be the most promising one because of its simplicity and productivity (zhao et al., 2008). It is widely used for biomedical applications because of ease of implementation and need for less hazardous materials and procedures. Co-precipitation is specifically the precipitation of an unbound â€Å"antigen along with an antigen-antibody complex† in terms of medicine (Indira and Lakshmi, 2010).The reaction principle is simply as: Fe2+ + 2Fe3+ + 8OH– ⇔ Fe (OH)2 + 2Fe(OH)3 → Fe3O4 + 4H2O (Guo et al., 2009). Other method used for synthesis like: Thermolysis of metal-containing compounds, synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles at a gas-liquid interface, synthesis in reverse micelles and sol-gel method (Gubin et al, 2005). IV) Characterization of MNP: There is no unique method for determination of the nanoparticle composition and dimensions; as a rule, a set of methods including X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscope and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) Spectroscopy are used (Gubin et al, 2005). X-Ray diffraction analysis of nanomaterial seldom produces diffraction patterns with a set of narrow reflections adequate for identification of the composition of the particles they contain. Some X-ray diffraction patterns exhibit only two or three broadened peaks of the whole set of reflections typical of the given phase (Moroz 2011). In the case of larger particles (provided that high-quality X-ray diffraction patterns can be obtained), it is often possible not only to determine the phase composition but also to estimate, based on the reflection width, the size of coherent X-ray scattering areas, corresponding to the average crystallite (nanoparticle) size. This is usually done by the Scherer formula (Gubin et al, 2005). The nanoparticle dimensions are determined most often using Transmission electron microscope, which directly shows the presence of nanoparticles in the material under examination and their arrangement relative to one another. The phase composition of nanoparticles can be derived from electron diffraction patterns recorded for the same sample during the investigation. Note that in some cases, TEM investigations of dynamic processes are also possible. For example, the development of dislocations and disclinations in the nanocrystalline during the mechanochemical treatment has been observed (Woehrle et al, 2000). More comprehensive information is provided by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, which allows one to study the structure of both the core and the shell of a nanoparticle with atomic resolution, and in some cases, even to determine their stoichiometric composition (Woehrle et al, 2000). The structures of non-crystalline samples are often studied by EXAFS spectroscopy. An important advantage of these methods is its selectivity, because it provides the radial distribution (RDA) curve for the atoms of the local environment of the chosen chemical element in the sample. The interatomic distances (R) and coordination numbers (N) obtained by EXAFS are then compared with the known values for the particular phase (Gubin et al, 2005). Other methods are used more rarely to study the nanoparticle structures. Integrated research makes it possible to determine rather reliably the structures of simple nanoparticles; however, determination of the structures of nanoparticles composed of a core and a shell of different compositions are often faced with difficulties (Gubin et al, 2005). V) Stabilization of Magnetic Nanoparticles: Although there have been many significant developments in the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles, maintaining the stability of these particles for a long time without agglomeration or precipitation is an important issue. Stability is a crucial requirement for almost any application of magnetic nanoparticles. Especially pure metals, such as Fe, Co, and Ni and their metal alloys, are very sensitive to air. Thus, the main difficulty for the use of pure metals or alloys arises from their instability towards oxidation in air, and the susceptibility towards oxidation becomes higher the smaller the particles are (Lu et al, 2007). Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient strategies to improve the chemical stability of magnetic nanoparticles: Surface Passivation by Mild Oxidation: A very simple approach to protect the magnetic particles is to induce a controlled oxidation of a pure metal core, a technique long known for the passivation of air-sensitive supported catalysts. This oxidation can be achieved by various methods (Peng et al, 1999). For example, Peng et al. developed a method for oxidizing gas-phase nanoparticles by using a plasma-gas-condensation-type cluster deposition apparatus. Demonstrated that very good control over the chemical state of the cobalt nanoparticles was achieved by their exposure to an oxygen plasma. The control of the oxide layer has a tremendous impact on exchange-biased systems, where a well-defined thickness of the ferromagnetic core and the anti-ferromagnetic shell are desirable. Moreover, a direct correlation of the structure and magnetism in the small particles can be determined. developed a mild oxidation method, using synthetic air to smoothly oxidize the as-synthesized cobalt nanoparticles to form a stable outer layer which can stabilize the nanoparticles against further oxidation (Peng et al, 1999). Other methods: Matrix-Dispersed Magnetic Nanoparticles, Carbon Coating, Silica Coating , Precious-Metal Coating and Surfactant and Polymer Coating Typical strategies for immobilizing catalysis enzyme onto MNPs rely on surface grafting via low molecular weight linkers or polymers containing amino or epoxy functional groups to which enzyme are reacted via covalent conjugation methods (Ren et al, 2011). Due to their high specific surface area and easy separation from the reaction medium by the use of a magnetic field, they have been employed in enzymatic catalysis applications ex amylase EC 3.2.1 (Ren et al, 2011). The maximum reported loading capacity of amylase is approximately 81.97 mg/g (AktaÅŸ et al, 2011). One drawback of existing immobilization technologies is that the activity of enzyme decreases significantly upon immobilization due possibly to changes in enzyme secondary structure, or limited access of substrate to the active site of the surface bound enzyme (Lei et al, 2009). Thus, despite numerous reported approaches for immobilization of catalysis enzyme on magnetic nanoparticles, there is still the need for simple, cost-effective and high loading capacity methods. Aim of work Is to Synthesis of iron magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) then immobilize amylase on MNP and test the efficiency of immobilization method then study the activity of immobilized amylase.

Applying Information Security and SDLC Essay

Write a paper of no more than 3,000 words in which you discuss one of the bookstores, use the SDLC method to implement a new technology into the bookstore, and detail a disaster recovery plan for the bookstore. Cite at least five references in your paper. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. If you are thinking of joining a fraternity or sorority, take the time to look into what each individual house has to offer. While there are similarities, many houses are different in the types of community service they do, the types of activities they prefer, and the overall attitude they portray. This pack contains BIS 320 Week 5 Applying Information Security and SDLC to Business General Questions – General General Questions Resource: University of Phoenix Material: Applying Information Security and SDLC to Business Write a paper of no more than 3,000 words in which you discuss one of the bookstores, use the SDLC method to implement a new technology into the bookstore, and detail a disaster recovery plan for the bookstore. Cite at least five references in your paper. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. If you are thinking of joining a fraternity or sorority, take the time to look into what each individual house has to offer. While there are  similarities, many houses are different in the types of community service they do, the types of activities they prefer, and the overall attitude they portray. This pack contains BIS 320 Week 5 Applying Information Security and SDLC to Business General Questions – General General Questions Resource: University of Phoe†¦ https://bitly.com/12BDPWw If you are thinking of joining a fraternity or sorority, take the time to look into what each individual house has to offer. While there are similarities, many houses are different in the types of community service they do, the types of activities they prefer, and the overall attitude they portray. General Questions – General General Questions Resource: University of Phoenix Material: Applying Information Security and SDLC to Business Write a paper of no more than 3,000 words in which you discuss one of the bookstores, use the SDLC method to implement a new technology into the bookstore, and detail a disaster recovery plan for the bookstore. Cite at least five references in your paper. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Building consumer demand by using marketing

Marketing munication can be increased by using social media sites. This assignment will describe about the chosen article â€Å"The use of social media: an exploratory study of usage among digital natives†. The objectives of the study will be mentioned in this assignment. Electronic word of mouth and web 2.0 has appeared as an event of significant interest to marketers.   The article will be critically analysed in this assignment to get better understanding about the chosen article. Individual reflection shows the work advance knowledge of subject which can be utilized in real life by marketing practioners. The main object of the article is to analyze the importance of social media in the academic life of students. The research report has described about the knowledge of students regarding social media platforms and in depth notion of customer generated contents. Next section explains the digital natives in terms of age and behavioural characteristics. Another objective of the article is to understand about web 2.0 and word of mouth munication. The explicit theory framework is used in this research to describe the master phenomena. The description about the web 2.0 and electronic word of mouth is made under this theory. It has been analyzed that the term of web 2.0 defines the platforms that are connective and offer users with the ability to incorporate various media within their content creation. Analytical technique, instructional instruments, social media platforms, consumer generated message viewership and customer generated message creation are used in this article to analyze the article (Steyn, Wallstrà ¶m and Pitt, 2010). The central concept of this article is word of mouth in marketing munication. This concept is clearly defined in this article. It has been said in this article that word of mouth is mature exercise as are people municating with one another. They have b e the major part for the marketing mix for panies (Li & Bernoff, 2008). The discussion has been made about the web 2.0 world of marketing in which word of mouth happens on all municative digital media sites. It has been estimated that more than 85% firm in united states are applying the word of mouth strategy. The word of mouth strategy es out in the business when the orientation provider has no risk in the business (Li, 2010). The main argument has been made on digital natives and it has been argued in this article that a higher educating marketing firm defined that technology has b e so advanced and as recognizable as a knife to this college age market segment. On the other side it has been argued that customers gradually more use digital media not for researching the products and services but for engaging with organizations they buy along with other customers who may have effective insights (Williams, Crittenden, Keo and McCarty, 2012). The specific hypothesis of this assignment is that Generation C who born after 1990 is truly digital natives. The key attributes of Generation C is that they how to live in an adequate manner and they are much involved in the puters and latest technology. The main strength of this assignment is used methodology. The sample has been collected from millennial aged undergraduate college students of United States of America (Packaged Facts, 2010). The minimum age is considered as 19 years old and the eldest age is 21 years old. It is the strength because the selected age is perfect to analyze the tentative study of usage among digital natives.   It would encourage them to encourage the campus events or they can use consumer produced content as a need of their jobs. The weakness has been found in this article is that there are so many students in selected sample who utilized their social media ecosystem for the reason of promoting their goods and services for those panies for which they are working. The risk has analyzed that the credible power in this the network of word of mouth will be eliminated for the extended time if the orientation provider lose the chance of the growth in the business. The hypothesis of this article is defined below: Qualitative research has been chosen for this article in regarding content analysis which permits the examination of the experience of social without unambiguous prospects.   Sample, analytical technique and instructional instrument are used in the article for researching on digital natives. In the context of sample, data has been collected from a convince sample of the undergraduate students who were studied in the marketing class. 74 students were selected for sample in which the youngest student was 19 years old and the eldest student was 21 years old. Content analysis is being used in the analytical technique in mass munication research which was considered as appropriate analytical technique for surveying the descriptions of process within the phenomenon of culture of social media. Instructional instrument is a written assignment which was given to all enrolled students. The main concept of this written assignment is to get the response of students about the usage of social media for marketing. It was the big approach to motivate students for using the social media by sharing their experiences. Evidence is provided in this article to define the social media platforms and providers. The table has given which shows the social media platforms used by students. There are various digital social media platforms available which is helpful for marketing. It has been found that 50% students are engaged with blogging and 96% of the students are active on Facebook and twitter. 70% of the students were connected with text messages because text messaging was in the content prompt. Another table has been reflected in this assignment which was categorized in segments and number of students. Segments have divided into spectator, creator, joiner, collector and critic. 73% of the students answered to more than one of the five segments. For instance, an individual can have seen himself in the condition of critic as well as spectator. The literature is the description about the chosen topic which describes the scope of the topic. The article has defined the digital natives and electronic word of mouth which includes the web 2.0. It defines the stages that are extremely interactive and offer the aptitude to put together dissimilar media in their content formation. On the other hand web 1.0 was defined by one way and unreceptive munication. It is characterized by a process in which people are continuously the provider and giver of information. The social media platforms enable the opportunities for attract that did not survive a decade ago. For instance, it has been analyzed that more than 700 billion minutes are used by so many users on Facebook (Trainor, 2012). There are approximately 30 million stories, images, videos and contents are being shared by people on Facebook (Facebook Statistics, 2010). You Tube is another social media where the number of uploaded videos are high and the views has increased by two bill ion per day (YouTube, 2010). It has been found that millions of people building trillions of bonding by social media each day. In that scenario, the role of Web 2.0 has made the electronic description of unfounded information munications. The digital native is the person who born during the age of digital technology and so well known with internet and latest technology from an early age. The article has described the Generation C consumers who love content creation and mashing. Generation C consumers prefer to municate in an adequate manner. The tendency of generation C students is to work more creative industries (Gil-Or, 2010). Consumer generated content is not encouraged mercially but it is a form of electronic word of mouth (Muà ±iz and Schau, 2011). Essentially, the opinion of customer is about the product and services and after satisfying with the services and products, customers share their views, experience and beliefs with other people by using web. The ou e of this articl e is fit in to the wider literature. According to Hansen, et. al., (2011), there is numerous different social media platforms that provided to students as instance to quick their thinking in the term of text messaging, podcasts, and social networking and discussion groups (Zahay & Fredricks, 2009). Moreover, to discriminating the platforms utilized by this group of college student customers, the description about the particular providers were asked to respondents. The article is aimed at universities’ students of USA. The research shows that student should judge the true suggestions of liberty of speech (Crittenden and Klepper, 2010). Another audience of this article is Generation C who born after 1990. The credibility of author is trust worthiness because the authors David L. Williams, Victoria L. Crittenden, Teeda Keo and Paulette McCarty are professors of top USA universities. â€Å"The use of social media: an exploratory study of usage among digital natives† is credible as it has been published in Journal of Public Affairs (2012). This journal article is published online in Wiley Online Library which shows the credibility of the journal article. The credibility of this article can be judged by viewing the number of references which is authenticated. The used language of author is clear and concise which can be understood by readers. The predominate mode of this article is analytical as author used qualitative research to explore the research topic. Sample, analytical technique, instructional instruments, social media platforms and customer generated message formation are being used in this research to show the involvement of people in social media. It can be r mended that further research should evaluate the statistics and search for disparity between and among a multiple characteristics of demographics. The texts can be improved by using the more analytical data because it has been found that the study of this article was unable to connect different countries of source in the shown data. The analytical source has been chosen for collecting data in which the written assignment and content analysis were considered. These approaches and sources did not enable the pilation of the data. It has been r mended that further research should report for the effects of national so it can see if there are differences in country majorly in the utilization of the specific platforms and providers. The implications of the article for marketing practioners would be effective because it has described the use of different social media platforms for encouraging the market growth. This article assisted me to expand my knowledge regarding web 2.0 and electronic word of mouth which has huge contribution in the growth of market. I can use these social media platforms in my business as marketing practioner. The limitations and future research have been described in this article which assists me that the ment of personal social media should not be posted from any internet sources until and unless it is private. It concurs with my own experience because people has b e advanced and give preference to online marketing instead of going outside. By using these marketing munication techniques, marketing practioner can attract the customers towards the provided services and products. It has been concluded that the entire objective of this investigative research is to evaluate the multiple of electronic word of mouth in the context of Generation C market segment and this segment is generally defined as digital natives. The critical analysis of the article has been done by evaluating the objectives, methods, evidence, credibility, style and audience. Individual reflection has shown the position of social media sites in the life of marketing practioners. Crittenden, V. and Klepper, K., 2010, Social media and the b-school.  BizEd, pp.72-73. Facebook Statistics, 2010, Facebook statistics, accessed on 26 th February 2018, from: https://www.facebook / press/info.php?statistics.   Gil-Or, O., 2010, Building consumer demand by using viral marketing tactics within an online social network.  Advances in Management,  3(7), pp.7-14. Li, C. & Bernoff, J. 2008, Groundswell: Winning in a World Transformed by Social Technologies. Harvard Business Press: Boston. Li, C., 2010, Groundswell. Winning in a world transformed by social technologies.  Strategic Direction,  26(8). Morrison, M. and McMillan, S., 2010, January. Oh, user, who art thou: an examination of behaviors and characteristics of consumers in the context of user generated content. In  American Academy of Advertising. Conference. Proceedings (Online)  (p. 77). American Academy of Advertising. Muà ±iz Jr, A.M. and Schau, H.J., 2011, How to inspire value-laden collaborative consumer-generated content.  Business Horizons,  54(3), pp.209-217. Muà ±iz, Jr, A.M. and Schau, H.J., 2007, Vigilante marketing and consumer-created munications.  Journal of Advertising,  36(3), pp.35-50. Packaged Facts, 2010, Millennials in the U.S.: trends and opportunities surrounding Gen-Y adults. accessed on 26 th February 2018, from: https:// www.marketresearch /product/display.asp? productid=2661911. Steyn, P., Wallstrà ¶m, Ã…. and Pitt, L., 2010, Consumer-generated content and source effects in financial services advertising: An experimental study.  Journal of Financial Services Marketing,  15(1), pp.49-61. Trainor, K.J., 2012, Relating social media technologies to performance: A capabilities-based perspective.  Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management,  32(3), pp.317-331. Williams, D.L., Crittenden, V.L., Keo, T. and McCarty, P., 2012, The use of social media: an exploratory study of usage among digital natives.  Journal of Public Affairs,  12(2), pp.127-136. YouTube . 2010, Youtube, accessed on 26 th February 2018, from: https://www.youtube /t/press. Zahay, D. & Fredricks, E. 2009, Podcasting to improve delivery of a project-based internet marketing course. Marketing Education Review 19(1): 57–63.