My Journey through Essay Example for Free

My Journey through Essay Talking my son’s preschool educator, Ms. Contreras, was an awesome encounter. I found out such a great amount about the field and I had the option to associate comprehend her as a teacher as well as an individual; as the sort of individual who does well in this profession field. Ms. Contreras is a California state preschool instructor and has been for a long time. She holds an AA and a BS in Early Childhood Development and cherishes her activity without question, and has chosen to remain at the preschool level until she resigns. Like any teacher, she accepts that it is significant for guardians to be engaged with their children’s instruction. She urges guardians to come and volunteer at whatever point they are capable, and has month to month parent meeting so the guardians are fully informed regarding what is happening in the study hall. To Ms. Contreras, the most significant thing about being a youth teacher is that you are a backer; and promoter for youngsters and their training. That you have and need to comprehend that kids are generally extraordinary and one of a kind and they all have the right to be in a preschool program regardless of what their pay or foundation. Her preferred thing about being an instructor is the honesty of the youngsters at this age; she adores how unadulterated the brains are of her understudies are. She wishes she can change the way that preschool is just three hours in length, yet with state subsidizing so low, that is all she can do, and less surveying. She feels that is shields her from understanding her understudies and taking care of what they need assistance in. Family is imperative to Ms. Contreras so when she had her kids, she realized that she required a profession that will work around her kids, in this way driving her to pick the field in training. She adored being a break as her youngsters were on break, home when their home at school when they’re at school is the manner by which she put it. While directing the meeting, I detected a vibe that she genuinely cherishes what she does and care particularly about her understudies. What's more, as one of the parent chips in her group, I can see it when an und erstudy haphazardly give her embraces, or in their eyes as they stroll in the entryway on a Monday morning from what appears to be a long end of the week without her. One thing that I found out about the expert field of youth instruction from this meeting is that you truly need to adore and comprehend youngsters to be in the calling. Tolerance is a major piece of this activity when you have 24 to 30 preschool all requiring your full focus. I discovered that you have to comprehend your individual understudies so as to assist them with succeeding and carry out your responsibility to as well as can be expected. Having a vocation in this calling might be hard now and again, particularly when you have such a large number of understudies however by the day's end, on the off chance that it is really made for you, the activity can be fulfilling. Innovation is a major pattern now, in the youth training field, yet in instruction period. There are numerous advantages and disadvantages about applying innovation to the youth study hall. Innovation today, comprises of TV, PCs, computer games, and now PDAs and remote tablets. â€Å"Technology’s long haul history incorporates everything from crude slashed stone weapons to wood pencils to ramble airplane and keen phones.† (Estes, 2012) its an obvious fact that pretty much every house currently has a PC and most likely access to the web, such a large number of little youngsters may be presented to at least one of these even before preschool begins. The inquiry is whether impacts the instruction of small kids, and I accept that it does. Innovation impacts the instruction of small kids from numerous points of view and I accept that innovation ought to be applied to the youth homeroom. In the preschool and kindergarten ages, innovation should be formatively fitting. When these innovative exercises are formatively fitting â€Å" innovation upheld exercises can be legitimized by a constructivist reasoning since commitment, dynamic learning, inventiveness, and s ocial communication are all piece of what goes on in the classroom† (Estes, 2012) Exercises, for example, utilizing the PC and its frill, for example, the console and mouse can improve fine engine abilities by pushing keys and moving the mouse around. â€Å"These fine-engine developments additionally sharpen eye-hand coordination, and that’ll pay off for quite a long time to come as your little one figures out how to get a ball, use scissors, or set up a dubious puzzle.† (Folds, 1999) This kind of innovation will be utilized later on for every youngster and will be advantageous to the youth homeroom, for the future as well as for their turn of events. There are numerous worries about the impacts of innovation for the little ones and to be straightforward I at one point I thought the equivalent. In our content, numerous guardians concur that it is crazy to accept that a tablet application or an iPhone application can more readily show a youngster to peruse or show them math. (Estes, 2012) A when it come to video games, many accept that it secludes and can be one of the reasons for another pattern, youth corpulence. As I would see it, innovation has made considerable progress and there will consistently be a rival side. Computer games, despite the fact that may never be utilized in the study hall, do have a few advantages to little youngsters. Some computer games can show kids technique and with computer game consoles, for example, the new Nintendo Wii, drive you to get up and move your body so as to play the game. By getting up and moving your body you are working out. For various evaluation levels I think diverse encouraging methodologies are progressively fitting. For the more youthful evaluations, for example, preschool and kindergarten I think the inventive educational plan approach is progressively suitable. This is the evaluation that I wish to educate. Having a few premium territories or stations all through the study hall will animate the brains of the understudies into needing to learn, through play. This is the set up at my son’s preschool and it accomplishes appear to work ver y well with this age gathering. His study hall is little however he has a square segment, library, home living territory, a zone for puzzle understanding, PC play, and tables where the understudies can make craftsmanship and a table to play with dirt and play batter and have lunch and bites. Youngsters age four or more youthful do not have the ability to sit still for significant stretches of time so having numerous alternatives for them to self learn is consistently incredible. Kids at this age learn through play and I feel that the innovative educational program approach is ideal for this age gathering. I do accept that preschool matured understudies will profit by direct guidance, yet a restricted sum. Possibly a little talk time before class to examine little subjects, for example, checking to ten, or rehearsing letters yet all through melody, or to spread out the calendar for the afternoon. Tunes will in general grab the eye on the more youthful children, in addition to tune is simpler for children to recollect, particularly the individuals who learn increasingly through music. There are a wide range of convictions about how to appropriately show a small kid. These convictions go path back to before we were even a nation. As I would see it, Children need hands-on encounters that are connected to more than one sense to learn. They have to feel, do, see, (Piaget’s sensorimotor stage) and so on. They ought to be shown ideas in more than one way (different insights), and it ought to be enjoyable. Youngsters ought not be made to take an interest in direct guidance exercises. They ought to have a decision on whether they need to take an interest and be compensated for positive conduct. Learning ought to be play based and by and large fun. Youth instruction begins before the small kid enters the homeroom, it begins from the time the kid is conceived, and many accept that it begins even in the belly. It is then that a small kid starts to learn and see the world. Jean Piaget accepts and I concur that subjective improvement happens in stages. The principal stage is known as the sensorimotor stage and is a mix between a child’s engine abilities and upgrades to the comprehension of their faculties. (Estes, 2012) This stage happens from birth to about age two. The second phase of Piaget’s psychological advancement is the preoperational stage. During this stage, typically year and a half to two years, kids start to utilize representative motions or developments to connection to words. (Estes, 2012) In the homeroom, I will urge my understudies to utilize their five faculties and engine aptitudes to find out about their general surroundings. In the youth study hall, have takes up a major influence of the day. As per numerous youth savants and instructors, kids learn through play. In addition to the fact that play is advantageous to the study hall to the child’s generally wellbeing. Erick Erikson accepted that play helped people adapt to an awful or passionate past. In my study hall, there will be focuses and they will all be play based. Distinctive kind of playing will happen at each inside, by doing this I want to urge kids to play unreservedly and act naturally yet in addition helping them as people. Since every youngster is extraordinary, I believe that ideas ought to be educated from multiple points of view. As indicated by Howard Gardiner, there are seven unique insights; semantic, legitimate mathematic, melodic, substantial sensation, spatial, relational, and intrapersonal. One child’s quality will be in sensible numerical, for instance, and another child’s quality in melodic. As a youth instructor I will encourage ideas from multiple points of view to guarantee my understudies are getting a handle on the data gave and having a great time it. Finally, I believe that youngsters should be compensated and adulated regularly. I sense that it urges them to keep on progressing admirably. American analyst, B.F. Skinner, called this operant molding. The thought behind this hypothesis is fundamentally that on the off chance that one changes their conduct they are without a doubt learning. (Estes, 2012)The hypothesis is straightforward, on the off chance that you are accomplishing something acceptable, you will be compensated. F

KOSOVO independence AND KOSOVO FACTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

KOSOVO autonomy AND KOSOVO FACTS - Essay Example In return, Kosovo will in the end increase self administration as guided by EU. A year ago (September 10, 2012), Kosovo was given full self-governance when UN and EU peacekeeping powers pull back its powers from Kosovo following 13 years of UN and EU oversight. Kosovo’s Declaration of Independence was received on February 17, 2008 at a gathering of the Assembly of Kosovo announcing itself to be autonomous from its previous host nation Serbia. The affirmation of freedom implied that it will be concurred its own national images, for example, a banner and coat and arms and have its own domain divided on its outskirts. This statement anyway was dismissed and not perceived by Serbia. Exchanges resulted and when the arrangement didn't improve, Kosovo proclaimed its freedom singularly as Republic of Kosovo with seeing living with the Ahtisaari plan in full when it detailed its own Constitution drafted by Constitutionalist both nearby and abroad. The law was to produce results in June of 2008, which means, Kosovo’s formal autonomy will produce into results and its pledge to Ahtisaari plan of minorities assurance of their privileges and portrayal in the new government. The Declaration of Independence by Kosovo drew blended responses. For one, the northern area which is created fundamentally Serbs were thoughtful towards Serbia and hence stayed under Serbia’s powerful control of which the last wouldn't surrender control in spite of UN’s request in return of full participation in the EU. True to form, the announcement of autonomy of Kosovo was likewise challenged by Serbia in the UN’s International Court of Justice asserting that it was illicit. The court anyway ruled for Kosovo in October of 2008 by announcing that Kosovo’s assertion of its own freedom didn't disregard any universal law. As of not long ago, Kosovo is still during the time spent making its own

Taking Klonopin (Clonazepam) for Panic Disorder

Taking Klonopin (Clonazepam) for Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Treatment Print Taking Klonopin for Panic Disorder By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 22, 2019 Klonopin for panic disorder. Getty Images Credit: alvarez More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Is Klonopin? How Klonopin Treats Panic Disorder Side Effects Is Klonopin Addictive? Precautions View All Back To Top Anti-anxiety medications are often prescribed to help manage panic attacks and other symptoms of panic disorder. Klonopin (clonazepam) is a type of anti-anxiety medication that is often used to treat panic disorder and other conditions. What Is Klonopin? Klonopin is the trade brand name for the drug clonazepam, a type of anti-anxiety medication that is classified as a benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines, including Klonopin, are often referred to as sedatives or tranquilizers due to their calming, sedating, and tranquilizing effects. Other common benzodiazepines include Xanax (alprazolam), Valium (diazepam), and Ativan (lorazepam). Klonopin and these other benzodiazepines can assist in decreasing the intensity of panic attacks and anxiety. Klonopin is commonly prescribed to treat panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia). Klonopin has anticonvulsant properties, making it an effective drug in the treatment of epilepsy and certain types of seizures. It has also been approved for the treatment of anxiety disorders, anxiety associated with bipolar disorder, and other conditions. How Klonopin Treats Panic Disorder Klonopin influences the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, a neurotransmitter in the brain involved in regulating several functions, including sleep, feelings of excitement, relaxation, and anxiety. By affecting the GABA receptors, Klonopin slows down the central nervous system (CNS), which decreases nervousness and agitation while eliciting a sense of calm and relaxation. This action also assists in reducing the severity of anxiety and panic attacks. Klonopins anti-anxiety effects come on relatively quickly after taking the medication. You may need to take doses a few times a day. The Top Treatment Options for Panic Disorder Side Effects Some of the most common side effects of Klonopin include: DrowsinessDizziness and lightheadednessLack of coordination and unsteadinessFatigue These side effects may go away or lessen over time. Consult with your prescribing doctor if side effects worsen or become unmanageable. Is Klonopin Addictive? All benzodiazepines, including Klonopin, are classified as controlled substances. Therefore, these medications have the potential to become both physically and emotionally addictive and abused. If a person develops dependence on Klonopin, discontinuing the drug can become difficult as withdrawal symptoms may occur. Common withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, seizures, tremors, vomiting, and irritability. As a way to reduce the possible risk of addiction and dependence, your doctor will discuss the safest way to administer and monitor your medication over time. Never attempt to reduce your dosage on your own. To prevent possible withdrawal symptoms, your doctor can assist you in discontinuing Klonopin by gradually decreasing your dosage over time. How Long Does Withdrawal From Klonopin Last? Precautions There are several precautions to consider when taking Klonopin: Medical History: Caution should be taken if you have a history of certain medical conditions. Talk to your doctor before taking Klonopin if you have been diagnosed with these or any other medical condition: Narrow-angle glaucomaLiver diseaseKidney diseaseDrug or alcohol addictionDepression Allergic Reaction: As with any medication, you have the potential to have an allergic reaction to Klonopin. This medication should not be taken if you have a history of being sensitive or allergic to benzodiazepines. Seek immediate medical care if you experience symptoms of an allergic reaction, including: RashDifficulty breathing or swallowingItchingSwelling of the face, tongue, mouth, or throat Drug Interactions: All benzodiazepines, including Klonopin, slow down the central nervous system. Other substances that perform a similar action, such as alcohol and certain drugs, should be avoided while taking this medication. Before you begin taking Klonopin, let your doctor know what prescription and over-the-counter medications you are taking. Drowsiness: Fatigue and drowsiness are common side effects of Klonopin. Until you are used to the effects of your medication, caution should be taken when driving or performing other tasks that require your concentration. Pregnancy and Nursing: It is possible for Klonopin to be passed to a child during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Talk to your doctor about the risk of taking Klonopin while pregnant or nursing. Older Adults: Older adults are often more susceptible to the effects of Klonopin. Your prescribing doctor may need to adjust your dosage to assist in limiting these effects.

Evidence Based Diagnostic Radiography Theoretical...

Understanding evidence in evidence-based diagnostic radiography: theoretical perspectives and the research process in two published journal articles To understand the evidence provided in evidence-based diagnostic radiography, one must first define the parameters in which the research took place. With regard to the articles being analysed, (Mackay et al. 2012 and Carlsson and Carlsson 2013) a discussion between the different theoretical perspectives and types of data acquired during the research process will be explored. Comparisons and differences will then be identified along with any facilitators or barriers that either assisted or impeded the research in question. An explanation of the stages of evidence-based practice (EBP) and a†¦show more content†¦Step four implements the findings that are deemed beneficial in clinical practice. Finally, the evaluation of the process and outcomes are made. This step will either validate or refute the findings and whether they are adopted into mainstream clinical practice. There may be many barriers to implementing EBP into diagnostic radiographic practice. First and foremost, patient cooperation is key. In an age of ‘expert patients’, informed service users may decide what is their best course of treatment regardless of clinical expertise advising to the contrary. This barrier not only could negate the clinician, but could also render the EBP ineffective if the patient decides not to oblige. In order to help facilitate implementation of EBP in this case, a tailored explanation to the patient may be helpful. Due to all service users being unique, this may require the radiographer to access the patient’s individual needs and try a different approach in order to implement the EBP. Another barrier that may arise could come from radiographers who are ‘set in their ways’. Their refusal to change could impede the use of EBP from being put into operation. Training and education in this scenario could help eliminate this barrier and as a result, facilitate best practice. Without employing EBP in diagnostic radiography, the field would never evolve

The Argument For A Plea Deal Essay - 1733 Words

In many cases like the previous the influence of the attorney and the means of counsel is a big factor in the accepting or declining of a plea deal. The Sixth amendment right, given to all who inhabit this country is the right to counsel is in many sense inadequate. The juvenile offenders are assigned an attorney; an attorney that they believe has their best wishes at mind. Many are unaware that the attorney they may receive has 4 times more than the federally recommended caseload for a defender. (Polakow-Suransky, 2002) The time the juvenile offenders spend with their attorney is average 10 to 12 minutes. After their first 10 to 12 minute counsel meeting more than 50% of juvenile offenders please guilty for their plea deals. A large issue is the defense these juveniles are receiving. The defenders are often excruciatingly over worked and vastly underpaid. Over time this leads to the lack of commitment and devotion for the cases of criminal court. The defenders spend little time even concerning themselves with the youth’s or their crimes and there is very little a teenager with no means of income can do about it. The lack of money in juvenile law seems to do the opposite of push juvenile defenders to do anything beyond the baseline. The results of these conditions are the substantial number of juveniles who sign or give away their rights with barley any counsel. The juvenile system is basically taking every with two alternatives in mind, getting them out or getting them in.Show MoreRelatedPlea Bargaining : An Effective Tool1684 Words   |  7 PagesPlea-bargaining is one of the most controversial aspects of the American legal process. While some individuals regard plea-bargaining as an effective tool used to ensure justice, others consider it fundamentally unconstitutional. Plea-bargaining is a process in which a defendant agrees to plead guilty to a charge in exchange for either a reduced sentence or a lesser charge. The process is extremely private a nd judges typically have very little influence over the negotiation. Most frequently, theRead MoreEssay On The Request Deal1112 Words   |  5 PagesToday, the request deal is a fundamental piece of the criminal equity framework. The considerable dominant part of charges, more than 90 percent in numerous purviews, are settled through some sort of supplication deal, called a plea bargain. The Seventh Amendment of the Bill of Rights systematized it as a basic piece of Americans freedoms. At the point when large amounts of criminals were gotten and charged, the legislature experienced a trial and decision. However, in the 1800s, a pattern towardRead MoreIs Plea For The Criminal Justice System?1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe question of â€Å"whether Plea deals are at all effective or do they just erode the criminal justice system?† has been raised for some time now. Plea bargaining has been closely scrutinized for many years by individuals who believe in justice being served wit hin our courtrooms and fair-mindedness. I believe that plea bargains not only cripple and deteriorate our justice system but it negates justice altogether. My reasoning’s for disagreeing with Canada’s plea bargaining is people are being pressuredRead MoreThe Federal Court System Consists Of Three Levels926 Words   |  4 Pagespresented Cooper a plea deal: in this deal, he would perhaps plead guilty to physical attack with determination to kill and face a reduced sentencing whereby the recommended least verdict is 51 to 85 months in custody. Cooper’s law court selected counsel instructed him to discard this plea offer, advising Cooper that since the victim was injured lower than the waist, the trial could not institute the necessary element of intention to kill. Built on this guidance, Cooper precluded the plea offer; he alsoRead MoreThe Importance of Plea Bargaining in Criminal Trials Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Plea Bargaining in Criminal Trials Screeech! That is the sound of our court system coming to a grinding halt, if plea bargaining were no longer utilized. Not only does plea bargaining save taxpayers an enormous amount of money, it often provides the evidence for a conviction and allows public defenders and other court officials to concentrate their limited resources on more important or difficult cases. Some people may believe that plea bargaining with criminals is wrong.Read MoreProsecutorial Athletes And Prosecutors : The Price Of A Deal?1195 Words   |  5 PagesPrice of a Deal In the judicial world, prosecutors have tremendous power. Prosecutors can make deals and change deals at their discretion. In the academic world, many scholars have debated that the plea bargain or deal-making should end. 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Rampant is the belief that people are not being properly punished for their crime and, as such, leads to aRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Within Criminal Offenders1361 Words   |  6 Pagestrial is arraignment to advise the defendant of the charges and allow the defendant to enter a plea, usually guilty or not guilty. Sometimes, arraignment takes place at the same time as the initial appearance. However, Jodi Arias was arraigned on September 11, 2008 and entered a plea of not guilty (Dolak, 2013). It is at this point that Arias and her defense attorney may have benefited from a plea deal to potentially avoid imposition of the death penalt y. 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It is at this point that Arias and her defense attorney may have benefited from a plea deal to potentially avoid imposition of the death penalty. Since the defendant pleaded not guilty, the

Ancient Greece Free Essays

Ancient Greeks achieved its Golden Age over 2000 years ago and many of its contributions have survived to influence Western Civilization. The Golden Age was a time of peace and prosperity. Western Civilization benefitted from the knowledge passed down from the Ancient Greeks in many diverse areas such as; philosophy, government and science. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Greece or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ancient Greece helps Western Civilization build upon the foundations that took root over 2000 years ago. The Ancient Greeks contributed to Western Civilization through philosophy. Socrates was a Greek philosopher who lived from about 470 to roughly 399 B.C. He moved philosophy toward moral excellence and right behavior. Socrates encouraged questioning and analyzing of everything. Ben Franklin stated that one should always question authority and that comes from Socrates teaching (Doc1). Another great philosopher was a student of Socrates. His name was Plato. As Socrates didn’t write anything his contributions were only passed to Western Civilization because of Plato documenting it. Plato lived in Greece too and was another great philosopher who lived from 384-322 B. C. Aristotle was a student of Plato. Aristotle believed that knowledge would separate man from beast. Plato started the Lyceum, which was a school that allowed women. His teachings helped one of the greatest leaders become so powerful and so motivational. Plato taught Alexander the Great. Plato also believed that humans have the ability to think and make decisions (Doc 2). Another long lasting effect that the Ancient Greeks had to Western Civilization was government. Pericles’ Funcial Oration was given to the Athenians in about 430 B. C. The Athenians treated everyone equal under the law as their government was democratic. Athens was ruled by many people and it was encouraged that everybody should participate based on ability not on social status or wealth. They created laws which the Athenian people respected that kept them from doing wrong and protected those who have done wrong. This is very similar to the United States government. It states in the Declaration of Independence that â€Å"every man shall be treated equal† (Doc 3). In the play â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles written in about 422 B. C. it describes the limit of the government in Greece. Antigone was a strong woman who believed she deserved individual civil rights. Antigone made clear that no mortal man should be able to take away gods’ unwritten and unfailing laws. The government had King Creon as king at the time who tried to deny the people of Greece their individual civil rights without fair justice. Government was a contribution that the ancient Greeks have to western civilization (Doc 5). Science has evolved over time but can be traced back to ancient Greece. Hippocrates was the creator of the Hippocratic Oath who lived from about 460 to 377 B.C. After thousands of years the Hippocratic Oath is still taken today by medical doctors. Hippocrates promised that he would do no harm and would take care of his patients to the best of his abilities. He also states that he would not give a deadly drug or suggest the drug. Hippocrates is also named â€Å"the father of medicine. † Many people in Hippocrates life time believed that if they were sick it was because of the gods, but he said that disease and sickness was caused by natural incidents not supernatural or the gods (Doc 4). The ancient Greeks made many lasting contributions to Western Civilizations. The ancient Greeks contributions have survived the test of time. The Greek culture has had a very profound impact on the way people live now. These impacts happened in a time of peace and prosperity. The achievements the ancient Greeks made have had a positive affect on the Western Civilization. Ancient Greeks have influenced areas such as philosophy, government and science. How to cite Ancient Greece, Papers

Ancient Greece Free Essays

Ancient Greeks achieved its Golden Age over 2000 years ago and many of its contributions have survived to influence Western Civilization. The Golden Age was a time of peace and prosperity. Western Civilization benefitted from the knowledge passed down from the Ancient Greeks in many diverse areas such as; philosophy, government and science. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Greece or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ancient Greece helps Western Civilization build upon the foundations that took root over 2000 years ago. The Ancient Greeks contributed to Western Civilization through philosophy. Socrates was a Greek philosopher who lived from about 470 to roughly 399 B.C. He moved philosophy toward moral excellence and right behavior. Socrates encouraged questioning and analyzing of everything. Ben Franklin stated that one should always question authority and that comes from Socrates teaching (Doc1). Another great philosopher was a student of Socrates. His name was Plato. As Socrates didn’t write anything his contributions were only passed to Western Civilization because of Plato documenting it. Plato lived in Greece too and was another great philosopher who lived from 384-322 B. C. Aristotle was a student of Plato. Aristotle believed that knowledge would separate man from beast. Plato started the Lyceum, which was a school that allowed women. His teachings helped one of the greatest leaders become so powerful and so motivational. Plato taught Alexander the Great. Plato also believed that humans have the ability to think and make decisions (Doc 2). Another long lasting effect that the Ancient Greeks had to Western Civilization was government. Pericles’ Funcial Oration was given to the Athenians in about 430 B. C. The Athenians treated everyone equal under the law as their government was democratic. Athens was ruled by many people and it was encouraged that everybody should participate based on ability not on social status or wealth. They created laws which the Athenian people respected that kept them from doing wrong and protected those who have done wrong. This is very similar to the United States government. It states in the Declaration of Independence that â€Å"every man shall be treated equal† (Doc 3). In the play â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles written in about 422 B. C. it describes the limit of the government in Greece. Antigone was a strong woman who believed she deserved individual civil rights. Antigone made clear that no mortal man should be able to take away gods’ unwritten and unfailing laws. The government had King Creon as king at the time who tried to deny the people of Greece their individual civil rights without fair justice. Government was a contribution that the ancient Greeks have to western civilization (Doc 5). Science has evolved over time but can be traced back to ancient Greece. Hippocrates was the creator of the Hippocratic Oath who lived from about 460 to 377 B.C. After thousands of years the Hippocratic Oath is still taken today by medical doctors. Hippocrates promised that he would do no harm and would take care of his patients to the best of his abilities. He also states that he would not give a deadly drug or suggest the drug. Hippocrates is also named â€Å"the father of medicine. † Many people in Hippocrates life time believed that if they were sick it was because of the gods, but he said that disease and sickness was caused by natural incidents not supernatural or the gods (Doc 4). The ancient Greeks made many lasting contributions to Western Civilizations. The ancient Greeks contributions have survived the test of time. The Greek culture has had a very profound impact on the way people live now. These impacts happened in a time of peace and prosperity. The achievements the ancient Greeks made have had a positive affect on the Western Civilization. Ancient Greeks have influenced areas such as philosophy, government and science. How to cite Ancient Greece, Papers

Emergent Innovation and Sustainable Knowledge †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Emergent Innovation and Sustainable Knowledge. Answer: Introduction Design thinking is the set of creative strategies that is utilized by the designer while they are in the procedure of designing. The design thinking can also be considered as the approach which can be utilized while considering any real life issues as it may also act as a method of resolving the issues. If put simply it can also be said that the professional design procedure can be applied to both the business and the social and personal problems. Within the business sphere, the design thinking procedure utilizes the sensibility of the designer and specific ways for matching the requirements of the customers and considers the feasible technology and a viable business strategy for converting the content into market opportunity and customer values. On the other hand, the learning from design thinking can be applied to the regular life incidents and solve the wicked issues. When I first came to know regarding the design thinking course from one of my friends, I had no prior idea of the course. I started thinking about the course, when I started taking my designing to a professional level. Even though I enrolled in the course, I only knew the name of the course, Design it, and I thought it is related to researches on various designing areas. Even when I first attended the class lecture, I could not understand what exactly the topic is. After a while when I first started reading more into the course, I realized that the design thinking is not merely a theoretical course, rather it is something more than that. In this reflective report I will trigger the basic issues and my learning in the design thinking course and discuss my learning from the course and how I applied my learning in real life. Design thinking is an approach that creates creative and pragmatic situations for the issues that may seem a little difficult apparently. During the initial days of the course, I did not know what exactly the course is going to offer me, however, after a while I realized that this course can change my thought process and my attitude, not only to the business processes, but also to daily life. In additional to that, the course work has also taught me about the tools of design thinking which focuses more on the solving of the problem than just finding it. The primary tools of design thinking are also associated with the concepts of patterns and design, cognition and meta-cognition processes. All these processes are interrelated and mutually complementary. Design Thinking Procedure Design thinking can be considered as a practical method which is helpful for providing creative and practical solutions to the problems. It is mostly a kind of solution based thinking which intends to produce the constructive result in future. As stated by (), design thinking is a little different from the scientific methods. Considering the scientific methods, those are mostly related to the hypothesis stating and providing a feedback mechanism which later continues to form a theory or a model. However, on the other hand, design thinking approach can offer the designers to include the contemplation of the primary emotional content of the entire situation. In the scientific methods, the feedback of any event or decision is obtained through the collection of the observational evidences which is also related to the measurable and observable facts, however design thinking tends to consider the feedback after considering the emotional state of the customers about the particular problem a nd their latent and stated requirements while developing the solution for any particular problem. The process of design thinking can also be considered as the way of producing iterative solutions for the social and business issues, especially solutions from the alternative areas. Design thinking tends to recognize and evaluate both the well-known and ambiguous aspects of the existing situation and provides a serious effort for discovering the distinct parameters and a set of alternative solutions that has the possibility of leading to the one or multiple satisfactory objectives and goals. Design thinking also provides alternative solutions to the problems that shed light on the redefinition of the primary issues within the procedure of evolution of the solution and problems. Unlike the analytic thinking, the procedure of design thinking also includes developing the ideas without any such distinct limits while the designer is brainstorming the ideas. This also tends to decrease the fear of failure for the designers and enhances the contribution and participation of a wide array of resources during the ideation and brainstorming phases. Design thinking is concerned with thinking outside the regular ideas where the participant or the designer can try to discover all the ambiguous and hidden elements from the situations and discover the possibly wrong suppositions. The design thinking procedure is also comprised of seven different stages: defining, researching, ideating, prototyping, choosing, implementing and learning. Design thinking states that the specific issue should be framed, concepts should be created and the answers should be chosen within these particular seven steps. However these steps are not linear, therefore they can also take place simultane ously and can be repeated. Moreover, it should also be noted that the design is also influenced by the personal choices of the designer; however design thinking can also be considered as the approach that changes the regular thought processes of any individual. Design thinking has four principles, namely, human rule, ambiguity rule, re-design rule and tangibility rule. The human rule is associated with the design activities that are mostly social in nature; therefore this social innovation also associated the thought process to the human point of view. The ambiguity rule refers to the method which preserves the uncertainties through experimenting with the limits the ability and knowledge as it tends to enable the liberty of considering things in a different way. The third rule is the re-design rule which concerns with the results of changing the existing technology and the social situations. In addition to that the tangibility rule refers to the idea that the ideas can be made tangible and it allows the designers in treating people as prototypes. Therefore, it can be understood that design thinking can be both implemented in the designing procedure and in our day to day lives. The learning from the design thinking approach can be applied in the regular chorus. It also offers a thinking approach which is pragmatic and a little different from the conventional way of thinking. Learning from the Design Thinking Course When I first joined the course and started the class, initially I had no idea what I am going to learn or what the course is going to offer me. With my previous working experiences in the designing field, I had realized that the landscape is changing in a fast way within the contemporary business world, therefore the employers and the marketers tend to fix a specific set of expertise and skills so that they can position their brand and gain a competitive edge in the market. Moreover, the increasing capability of information also concerned with the empowerment of the consumers, therefore there are higher possibilities that the flexibility and agility are required for this purpose. Design thinking is a concept that is associated with the design revolution. The business landscape of todays world demands the brands and marketers to be more centered on the customers. Therefore design thinking is mostly creates a beneficial relationship between the consumers and brands. The brands tend to focus more on the requirements of the customers. Moreover design thinking is considered as the idea that is a driver of revolution of the designing genre. I had some previous experiences in the designing field. Initially I did not think to take this up as my career, however later when I started thinking about thinking designing as my professional career, I realized that not having professional course has made my career limited and most importantly amateurish. Therefore this course could have made my resume more interesting to the employers. Creating and designing have been my passion for a long time, however taking those up as a career made me realize the importance of having prof essional degree in the designing field. However, the course not only offered me a quality designing power which is not only limited to the creation of specific objects, but it is also refers to the out of the box thinking of the content. Along with the course, I have realized that the concept of design thinking stands completely different way for developing successful strategy and further organizational change. The concept is also related with the managing, leading, innovating and creating the content because everything can be someway designed. Moreover, I had also learnt a major lesson that design is not only related to the looks. Conventionally it has been related and specifically restricted to the appearances; however, it is not actually that at all. It is somewhat related to crafting something entirely new after shelling out of the traditional and conventional ways. As a matter of fact, design thinking is something that is out of the basic dimensions of individual intelligence. Design thinking has taught me to break the conventional and shallow mentality that we tend to carry and begin inculcating a different outlook that always encourages more innovation. It has also taught me regarding a systematic framework that enhances the implementation of innovation by fostering the organic development ad serve value for the clients. Previously I had thought that creativity should be the primary necessity for the designs, however design thinking has also taught me that the stages in design thinking also includes a sheer observation for learning the other requirements of the customers relating to the constraints and context of any situation. Design thinking also made me learn and discover the capacity and opportunity of bringing innovation and forming creative ideas, testing them and improving further. Design thinking also refers to the innovation that is customer centric through the profound knowledge that is mostly based on the users or the customers through a series of different prototypes for finding, testing and improving the basic concepts. As a design thinker, I can apply my real life experiences to bring more innovations in my designs, at the same time; I can also apply my learning in the real life experiences. I had also learned the techniques of designing that tend to complement the observation of the designer by breaking the stereotypes and creating a specific storyboard. Alternatively it can be said that the design thinking has changed my attitude towards designing. I had identified that the designing is an entirely dynamic process of thinking which eventually refines the mindset and expertise of the concerned designers. Application of the learning in real life Designing thinking course has been a journey to me. After the learning procedure has ended, I had realized that there are few basic lesions. The most significant thing that I learned from the course is that it is related to doing something innovative and something which may have not associated with us before. Therefore we have to get used to the new and innovative thinking process. I had experienced a long journey what I exactly was and how I used to think about things before and after the course. I had applied this lesson in my life as well. There were several times before while I had not tried to think something innovative, rather something out of the box and dealt with the entire situation in a conventional way. For instance, few months back one of my colleague came up to me and asked me for some life advices. She was facing some trouble in the office, especially with some coworkers. When I came to know about her situation, I was quite sure that the entire situation would go out o f control if she does not take this entire situation out of the office and deal with it. I thought t would be easier for her if she does not comment or make any moves about the troubles she is facing in office, as after a point of time, she herself is going to face all the consequences and at that point of time, no one else will be there with her. However, after I started applying the lessons that I learned from the design thinking course and started thinking things which were not related to us before, then I realized, if she was facing any trouble with her colleagues in the office, she should have immediately contacted the higher authority and report the problem. It is quite baseless to think whether people will be there with us or not before we take a stand for ourselves. Another lesson that I learnt from the design thinking course is that empathy is nothing but a sheer mind state. Being empathetic is very much necessary while we deal with situations. It is very much necessary for us to be empathetic towards various things in our lives, as if we stay in the empathetic state in our life, it will definitely help us in finding better solutions to specific problems in our lives. Sometimes, we do not think about being empathetic and deal with the situations in a harsh way. Therefore it is highly possible that our decisions are harmful to others. It is quite evident from our surroundings, that sometimes we have forgotten to become empathetic and started dealing with the situations. We tend to bypass others feelings and emotions and started materializing every need of our lives. However, the design thinking course has taught me that we should extend out worldview and start thinking about every situation in a different light. We should still have empathy for people in the surroundings. After the course, I had realized there are thousand times while I had neglected small issues for my own desires. I had realized that even if I reach to the highest position of my professional career, I should not be ignoring smaller things in life. Action Plan Action Time Testing design thinking in the personal life problem solving. Starting right after the completion of the course Implementation of design thinking in professional life After gaining confidence and efficiency of the learning Conclusion I have also had clusters in my personal life and I was not being able to treat these problems compassionately. I was leaving the tasks incomplete. There were lots of challenges in the designing field. Other than that I also had books unread, I had problems regarding managing space in my room. Also I had issues with scheduling my daily routine. With the idea of design thinking, I started to view things in a complete new perspective and fixed the problems. I have applied my learning from deign thinking course work in different sectors of my life and I had realized that it has a long lasting impact on both my professional and personal lives. Reference list Amit, R., Zott, C. (2014). Business model design: a dynamic capability perspective.J. Manage. Atuahene-Gima, K. (2013, May). Resolving the capabilityrigidity paradox in new product innovation. American Marketing Association. Barrett, M., Davidson, E., Prabhu, J., Vargo, S. L. (2015). Service innovation in the digital age: key contributions and future directions.MIS quarterly,39(1), 135-154. Bonakdar, A., Gassmann, O. (2016). Design Thinking for Revolutionizing Your Business Models. InDesign Thinking for Innovation(pp. 57-66). Springer International Publishing. Brjesson, S., Elmquist, M., Hooge, S. (2014). The challenges of innovation capability building: Learning from longitudinal studies of innovation efforts at Renault and Volvo Cars.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,31, 120-140. Carlgren, L. (2013).Design thinking as an enabler of innovation: Exploring the concept and its relation to building innovation capabilities. Chalmers University of Technology. Davis, J., Docherty, C. A., Dowling, K. (2016). Design thinking and innovation: synthesising concepts of knowledge Co-creation in spaces of professional development.The Design Journal,19(1), 117-139. Dorst, K. (2015). Frame Innovation; create new thinking by design, Design Thinking, Design Theory. Fichman, R. G., Dos Santos, B. L., Zheng, Z. E. (2014). Digital innovation as a fundamental and powerful concept in the information Systems curriculum.MIS quarterly,38(2). Frow, P., Nenonen, S., Payne, A., Storbacka, K. (2015). Managing co?creation design: A strategic approach to innovation.British Journal of Management,26(3), 463-483. Johansson?Skldberg, U., Woodilla, J., etinkaya, M. (2013). Design thinking: past, present and possible futures.Creativity and Innovation Management,22(2), 121-146. Kangas, M. (2010). Creative and playful learning: Learning through game co-creation and games in a playful learning environment.Thinking skills and Creativity,5(1), 1-15. Liedtka, J. (2014, January). Linking design thinking to innovation outcomes: The role of cognitive bias reduction. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 10628). Academy of Management. Liedtka, J. (2015). Perspective: Linking design thinking with innovation outcomes through cognitive bias reduction.Journal of Product Innovation Management,32(6), 925-938. Mootee, I. (2013).Design thinking for strategic innovation: What they can't teach you at business or design school. John Wiley Sons. Mootee, I. (2013).Design thinking for strategic innovation: What they can't teach you at business or design school. John Wiley Sons. Norman, D. A., Verganti, R. (2014). Incremental and radical innovation: Design research vs. technology and meaning change.Design issues,30(1), 78-96. Olsen, N. V. (2015). Design Thinking and food innovation.Trends in food science technology,41(2), 182-187. Peschl, M. F., Fundneider, T. (2008). Emergent Innovation and Sustainable Knowledge Co-creation A Socio-epistemological Approach to Innovation from within.The Open Knowlege Society. A Computer Science and Information Systems Manifesto, 101-108. Peschl, M. F., Fundneider, T. (2014). Designing and enabling spaces for collaborative knowledge creation and innovation: From managing to enabling innovation as socio-epistemological technology.Computers in Human Behavior,37, 346-359.

Visit to Muktijuddha Jadughar Essay Example For Students

Visit to Muktijuddha Jadughar Essay Visit To Muktijuddha Jadughar Brief essay on liberation War of Bangladesh: In August 1947, the Partition of British India gave birth to two new states; a secular state named India and an Islamic state named Pakistan. But Pakistan comprised two geographically and culturally separate areas to the east and the west of India. The western zone was popularly termed West Pakistan and the eastern zone was initially termed East Bengal and later, East Pakistan. Although the population of the two zones was close to equal, political power was concentrated in West Pakistan and it was widely perceived that East Pakistan was being exploited economically, leading to many grievances. On 25 March 1971, rising political discontent and cultural nationalism in East Pakistan was met by brutal suppressive force from the ruling elite of the West Pakistan establishment in what came to be termed Operation Searchlight. The violent crackdown by West Pakistan forces led to East Pakistan declaring its independence as the state of Bangladesh and to the start of civil war. We will write a custom essay on Visit to Muktijuddha Jadughar specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The war led to a sea of refugees flooding into the eastern provinces of India. Facing a mounting humanitarian and economic crisis, India started actively aiding and organizing the Bangladeshi resistance army known as the Mukti Bahini. Although East Pakistan had a larger population, West Pakistan dominated the divided country Language, politically and received more money from the common budget. In 1948, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistans first Governor-General, declared in Dhaka (then usually spelled Dacca in English) that Urdu, and only Urdu would be the sole official language for all of Pakistan. This proved highly controversial, since Urdu was a language that was only spoken in the West by Muhajirs and in the East by Biharis. The majority groups in West Pakistan spoke Punjabi, while the Bengali language was spoken by the vast majority of East Pakistanis. The language controversy eventually reached a point where East Pakistan revolted. Several students and civilians lost their lives in a police crackdown on 21 February 1952. The day is revered in Bangladesh and in West Bengal as the Language Martyrs Day. The military dictatorships of Ayub Khan (27 October 1958 – 25 March 1969) and Yahya Khan (25 March 1969 – 20 December 1971), both West Pakistanis, only heightened to dominate East Pakistan both in culturally and economically. The situation reached a climax when in 1970 the Awami League, the largest East Pakistani political party, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, won a landslide victory in the national elections. The party won 167 of the 169 seats allotted to East Pakistan, and thus a majority of the 313 seats in the National Assembly. This gave the Awami League the constitutional right to form a government. However, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto the leader of the Pakistan Peoples Party, refused to allow Rahman to become the Prime Minister of Pakistan. Instead, he proposed the idea of having two Prime Ministers, one for each wing. The proposal elicited outrage in the east wing, already chafing under the other constitutional innovation, the one unit scheme. Bhutto also refused to accept Rahmans Six Points. On 3 March 1971, the two leaders of the two wings along with the President General Yahya Khan met in Dhaka to decide the fate of the country. Talks failed. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman called for a nation-wide strike. On 7 March 1971, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman delivered a speech at the Racecourse Ground (now called the Suhrawardy Udyan). In this speech finally, Bangabandhu asked his people to raise arms against the Pakistani military who killed hundreds of people during the peaceful protests of the 1971. In this war, we should mention the bravery and far-sightedness of Tajuddin Ahmed, Syed Nazrul Islam, Captain Monsoor Ali, Kamrujjamn, General Ataul Gani Osmani, and many others. .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af , .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .postImageUrl , .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af , .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af:hover , .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af:visited , .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af:active { border:0!important; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af:active , .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u444d97bebb64780644ead79826e464af:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fences EssayThree million people were massacred by the Pakistani military and local collaborators. Hundreds of thousands of women were raped. Village after village, town after town, were burned to the ground. There were deadbodys lying in every plain, and floating in every river. There was hardly any family who did not lose something in this war. At the very end, facing an imminent defeat, the coward Pakistani military and the local collaborators systematically killed many of the leading intellectuals of the country. On 16 December 1971, Lt. Gen A. A. K. Niazi, Chief of Pakistan Army forces located in East Pakistan signed the instrument of surrender. At the time of surrender only a few countries had provided diplomatic recognition to the new nation. ? The objects of The Museum: The Muktijuddha Museum is situated in the Shegunbagicha area of the Dhaka city opposite site of the Bangladesh Press Club. The Museum is well decorated and the objects are nicely observed by the visitors. There are some objects in The Museum. In below enlisted some objects of The Museum: 1. The Muktijuddha Jadughar is located in a relatively small place. 2. The whole place is divided into two parts: The main building and the separated Hall room. 3. A medium Type of Hall room. 4. Three stored Building. 5. A small garden in front of the Museum. 6. In the Hall room, a Projector is cited for the visitor to see the documentary film. 7. Most parts of The Museum are decorated by historical pictures of British period and The Bangladesh Liberation War. 8. In The Museum, we found some Map decorated by Glass. ? The object I like most: I like the Hall room of the Museum. The Hall room of The Museum is decorated nicely and the place is full Air conditioned. The view of the Hall room is also good and projector is also situated in the perfect place. So the over wall view of The Hall room is pleasant. ? The part of the Museum touched most of my heart: The pictures of the liberation war of Bangladesh touched my heart. In the Liberation War of Bangladesh we lost so many peoples and the way they killed by the brutal Pakistani armed force are viewed perfectly in The Museum. For that reason I felt touched by the Museum. ? The lesson I have got from the visit: I had learned a lot from the visit of the national Muktizuddha Jadugar. Eventhough I had known most of the part of the documentary but I have never seen anything so accomplish documentary based on the Liberation War of Bangladesh. Also the pictures of the Museum helped me to gain proper knowledge about the Liberation War of our Country. Overall I am very pleased to visit the Muktizuddha Jadughar and expect to visit the place further in someday.

The Increased Use of Nuclear Power Reactors Essays

The Increased Use of Nuclear Power Reactors Essays The Increased Use of Nuclear Power Reactors Essay The Increased Use of Nuclear Power Reactors Essay Today, 439 nuclear power reactors produce approximately 16 per cent of the world’s electricity. In nine countries, over 40 per cent of energy production comes from nuclear power. The IAEA, an international organization in the UN family, fosters the safe, secure and peaceful uses of atomic energy and helps ensure the use of nuclear technology for sustainable development. In Africa, there are only two (2 ) nuclear power reactors and there is no significant development of nuclear power infrastructure in the near future. In the long term, however, Africa has the interest to change its energy dependence from fossil fuels to nuclear sustainable energy. To achieve nuclear energy, it will be necessary for Africa to embark on an analysis of whether African countries are willing combined financial support, locations for establishment, and storage centers for radio- active byproduct to establish a nuclear power source that will offer energy to many countries in Africa across borders. This prospect will require the collaboration of African countries, who alone cannot support or more importantly, need a nuclear reactor only for its citizens. Uganda, desires to aid in the African independence of nuclear energy for its continent. It desires to do so, however, only with the highest level of sophistication in erecting and operating the nuclear facility to protect its citizens and neighbors from nuclear accident. Also, it desires international monitoring and regulatory oversight to ensure the by product of nuclear energy does not fall into illegitimate uses, such as terrorist weapons. The benefits of such independence are not only local to the continent of Africa, it will aid also the international community in knowing consistent policies and procedures are being maintained to generate nuclear fuel. The Country of Uganda therefore proposes the following resolutions: 1. Uganda will collaborate and work with its neighboring African countries to analyze and determine the capacity required for multi country nuclear energy needs. This needs assessment will be published to the international community for comment and opinion and the said countries will follow the model discussed in Section 2 below in building any nuclear facilities; 2. Uganda proposes an international think tank (â€Å"Nuclear Initiave†) to be organized among all nations where the expertise and educational background of scientist and engineers are centered and nurtured to create models of nuclear plants with consistent infrastructure, guidelines and operations. These models then can be utilized by nations in their development of a nuclear facilities. 3. Uganda proposes that a monetary fund be established for countries to partake in the information and models implemented in the Nuclear Initiative. If a country cannot afford to donate to the monetary fund in cash, then it can donate in kind by providing necessary resources, such as land for storage of radioactive waste. 4. Uganda proposes that the Nuclear Initiative be charged with promulgating rules, regulations, and policies in connection with the building of a nuclear facility, the operation of the facility, the transportation of radioactive waste from the facility and the permanent storage of said waste. For example, the team of scientist and engineers would develop specific plans and specifications on the material used to build the facility and the land type where the facility is built after determining the best type of material and structure necessary for a safe facility.

Madonna and Child by Duccio di Buoninsegna Essay

Madonna and Child by Duccio di Buoninsegna - Essay Example In the painting Madonna and Child Enthroned with Two Angels, the composition has a third dimension. When looking at the painting, one notices that the bases of all the portraits are relatively expanded to give the length. Notably, this applies to all and the pictures seem to be stationed, showing some height from the ground. In addition, the available space is fully utilized as the arc-shaped portrait has no space left. Sitting on the throne, Madonna holds a rose on the right hand and holding the child using her left hand. Similarly, the painting in Madonna and Child portrays a third-dimensional artwork. In addition, the use of different wood types created an effect resembling shadows in the background, showing the third dimension of the painting. Notably, the ceiling of the pictures also creates an effect of a third dimension. Indeed, this is a creative artistic work that appeals to the onlookers.         The human form has been expressed clearly in all the paintings, with most of the physical features that a human being, has shown.   For example, the paintings show a clear form of the human head, eyes, ears, mouth, and nose are properly indicated, Madonna holds the child, thus indicates the human approach towards children. In the paintings, there was an effective use of colors. For example, the human form was painted with different bright colors and light effect to depict different parts of the exposed body and the clothes, which the person wore. For example, in the painting Madonna and Child Enthroned with Two Angels, Madonna’s full dress is painted using a navy blue color, while that of the child is reddish.   The two angels wore greenish attire, with a red strip of cloth cut across their chest, depicting an attire of the clergy. In the other portrait, Madonna wore a black full dress, still holding the child. However, in this painting, the color is not very bright as the people on the background are painted using a faint color.

Philosophy of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Philosophy of Education - Essay Example In effect, education as he saw it has a purpose and I believe this is the strength of this educational philosophy as it is focused on something, other than merely valuing education, for education's sake, which could prove very well for those who have always the luxury of getting an education whenever or wherever. But in view of the greater role that education plays in society, being progressive in mindset, keeps an educator as well as students focused and motivated. For students, this philosophy sends the message that learning or education is not just meant to be acquired so that one could be a bonafide member of society, but rather so that society could be enriched because another person has became educated. Moreover, students are taught that they do not live in a vacuum, as education is best learned in the context of learning with other people. Another one of progressivism's strengths is that in it no knowledge is ever the correct, complete or true knowledge - instead knowledge is there to be continuously rediscovered, deepened and broadened, and revolutionized if the need arises.

The Dairy Industry Of Pakistan Marketing Essay

The Dairy Industry Of Pakistan Marketing Essay The dairy industry of Pakistan is a very competitive industry and has huge potential. Unfortunately, dairy processors in Pakistan still have miles to cover before they can exploit full benefits of this industry. The milk production of the country has not been up to the mark and as a result the demand for dairy products outweighs the supply. Traditionally, people living in urban areas preferred to consume fresh milk delivered to their homes by Gawallas. However with the passage of time, as people became more and more health conscious there was a shift towards the consumption of UHT milk and its demand has been increasing ever since. In the UHT milk segment, firms like Nestle Pakistan Limited and Engro Foods Limited have emerged as leading market players. These firms with their bundle of financial resources have made huge investments in getting state of the art technology, manpower and strengthening their promotion efforts. Despite the fact that local dairy processing industries have b een able to match the quality standards of Nestle and Engro to a greater extent, these firms lack in their marketing efforts. Noon Pakistan Limited is one such firm which is being effected due to poor marketing efforts and has not been able to reap the benefits of the industry in which it operates. Noon Pakistan Limited is a venture of the Noon Family and has been marketing its products under the brand name of Nurpur. The firm enjoys market leadership in the category of butter. Initially when the firm launched its UHT milk the market response was good. However with the passage of time, the brand performance of Nurpur UHT milk has deteriorated due to mismanagement of marketing efforts. While management claims that they are able to sell whatever they produce, the market survey results prove that the prevailing performance of the brand has not been up to the mark. The firm relies on the selling concept which is a short term approach and little emphasis is being given to the concept of brand building. It is the need of the hour that Noon Pakistan Limited adopts a long term strategic approach if it wants to secure its position in the market for years to come. To study the issue being faced by Noon Pakistan Limited, a rigorous Literature review was conducted followed by interviews with employees of the firm, retailers and consumer surveys. Financial analysis and comparison with Nestle and Engro was done. Even though Noon Pakistan Limited does not match the financial strength of its competitors, there are many ways in which the firm can improve its position in the market. The first step in building strong brands is to ensure that the brand has a high salience. The brand should have top of the mind recall and recognition. Unfortunately the survey results analyzed using SPSS software proved that Nurpur milk is not the first brand which comes to the mind when a consumer wants to purchase UHT milk. Majority of the respondents could not even recall any advertisements of Nurpur milk. A major proportion of the respondents also highlighted the fact that Nurpur milk was occasionally short in the market. The results of the retailer interviews also prove that Noon Pakistan Limited has to improve its trade promotion schemes as majority of the retailers were not satisfied with current distribution practices of the company. The retailers highlighted the fact that the company should improve its promotion activities so that consumers start demanding Nurpur milk. Companies such as Noon Pak Limited, those fail to expand, eventually move to the phase out or withdrawal stage. This is because expansion ensures the continuity of profitability, brands, innovation and progress. It also creates employment opportunities and contributes to the growth of economy by improving the GDP. Noon Pakistan Limited however is not expanding and considering the intense competitive environment that prevails in the dairy industry, if they fail to expand in future; the company might have to face a stark fortune of a complete phase out and therefore should start redesigning their marketing and management strategies accordingly. Due to weak financial resources, Noon Pakistan Limited should utilize alternative strategies to maintain its position in the market. The firm needs to invest in consumer promotion activities like in store sampling and taste trials. The firm also needs to focus on its BTL activities in order to strengthen the perceptual positioning of the brand in consumer mind. The firm needs to revise its payment policies with retailers and start providing goods on a credit basis to those retailers who have a good reputation in the market. In short, Noon Pakistan Limited should revise its current practices and operations. The firm should let go its old concept of selling and instead focus on building the equity of its brands if it wants to strengthen its position in the market for the future. 2.0 Introduction 2.1 The Noon Group The Noon Group of Companies is being managed by the Noon family. The group has qualified and experienced professionals. The Noon Group of Pakistan strives to improve its profitability and safeguard its stakeholders interest while maintaining highest quality standards and serving the community1 The Noon Group of Companies has various business ventures and Noon Pakistan Limited is one such profitable venture of the Group. Apart from Noon Pakistan Limited a brief description of the other business ventures are as follows:- 1. Noon Sugar Mills Limited This venture was incorporated in 1964 and manufactures white sugar. Initial crushing capacity was 1500 MT of sugarcane which has been increased to 4000 MT over the passage of time.2 2. Pioneer Cement Limited Pioneer Cement Limited was incorporated in 1985 with a total investment of Rs.2660 million and production capacity of 630000 tons per annum. The plant is situated in Chenki, Khushab.3 3. Noon International Private Limited Noon International Private Limited is a trading company which was established in 1972. The company employs 43 people including a team of 15 professional sales engineers. This firm represents various international companies of repute in Pakistan and markets their equipment in the fields of textile, power generation, sugar, fertilizer, chemical, steel, cement, food and milling4 4. Textile Technics Private Limited Incorporated in 2004 with a total investment of Rs 100 million, Textile Technics is a joint venture between M/S Blue Reed of Spain and Noon International Private Limited. The project has a production capacity of 22000 meters of reed per annum5 5. Textile Services Textile Services was established in 1994 and provides services to over 200 customers of Sulzer Textile Projectile Weaving Machines. The company employs 32 people and provides training, technical service and spare parts for clients6 2.2 Noon Pakistan Limited Incorporated in 1966 with a total investment of 553 million, Noon Pakistan Limited produces various products namely Butter, Cheese, UHT milk, HCLF, Pasteurized milk, Flavored milk, Juices, Water, Desi ghee, Honey and Jam. Installed capacity of the plant is 72000 Liters/2 shifts and there are 700 employees. Noon Pakistan Limited has been marketing its products under the brand name of Nurpur. The plant is located in Bhalwal, Sargodha while the head office is situated in Lahore7 The year 2011 was a challenging year for Noon Pakistan Limited. Energy Crisis, security situation coupled with devastating floods had exerted significant pressure on the economy and cost of living. Higher inflationary trends continued impacting their key products particularly related to fresh milk when shortages led to a cost increase of 16% compared to last year. Additionally, higher growth of their products led to severe filling capacity constraints and the market demand could not be met fully. Due to reduced buying power, trend in the market is changing fast as consumers are looking for cheaper products in small packages. Therefore the management at Noon Pakistan Limited has made plans to reassess the market requirements and also further improve their production efficiency8 2.3 Vision The vision statement of Noon Pakistan Limited is as follows:- Our vision at Nurpur is to be a transformative force in our community and world at large and to serve as a model of a sustainable business alternative that nurtures social and economic well being in an environmentally sensitive manner9 2.4 Mission The mission statement of Noon Pakistan Limited is as follows:- Nurpur is committed to supplying the consumer and customer with the finest, high quality products and to be a leading industry in healthy and nutritious products. Nurpur supports these goals with a corporate philosophy of adhering to the highest ethical conduct in all its business dealings, treatment of its employees, and social and environmental policies10 2.5 Core Values At Noon Pakistan Limited, consumers are at the forefront of everything they do. The core values of the company include the generation of Ideas that can be constantly challenged to develop next generation solutions, to conduct business openly and fairly while competing fiercely at the same time, to encourage teamwork with individual flairs, to set tough goals that can be challenged and beaten, to value preservation of the environment and ensure sustainability of organic agriculture, to value mutually supportive relationships among members of local and global communities11 2.6 Awards and Certifications Noon Pakistan Limited has won many prestigious awards and certifications which are First dairy company in Pakistan to be certified under ISO 22000:2005, Brand of the year award (2006-07) in the category of Butter, Brand of the year award (2007-08) in category of Butter, Cheese and flavored milk and Brand of the year award (2008-09) in the category of Butter12 2.7 The Purchase Department To study the operations of the Purchase Department, two interviews were conducted with the Purchase Manager. The findings of the interviews have been utilized to describe the function of the Purchase Department. The purchase department is responsible for purchasing all materials required by the head office and plant other then milk which is purchased at the milk collection centre in Bhalwal. Materials which are purchased by the department range from ordinary items like office and plant stationary to complex materials like Flavors, Spare parts for plant equipment and transportation vehicles, Chemicals, Fuel and everything related to the manufacturing process, Logistics and day to day operations. Demand for requisition comes from the factory and approval has to be given by the Managing Director. The purchase department currently has 4-5 employees. The department uses a manual system of keeping records and storing files. The purchase department always keeps 3 copies of requisitions and delivery challans. One copy is sent to the plant, one copy is maintained with the purchase department and one copy is kept by the Purchase Manager. The major suppliers of Noon Pakistan Limited are SMC, Sitara Che micals , Jason Foods and Danisco. Payments to suppliers are made either on cash or credit through the head office. Credit terms depend on contacts and relations with suppliers and can range from 15 days up to a month. According to the Purchase Manager, Noon Pakistan Limited believes in maintaining healthy relations with Suppliers and this is one of the key strengths of the department The Purchase Manager also stated that in case of materials needed from local suppliers, the purchase department is given no time and purchase has to be made immediately. However when imported materials are required from foreign suppliers, the Purchase department is informed in advance as shipping takes time. There is no fixed pattern of purchases made throughout the year and it all depends on plant and market requirements. The quality of materials purchased is checked at the plant and if there are defects the merchandise is returned to the supplier.13 2.9 The Marketing Department To study the operations of the Marketing Department of the firm, two interviews were conducted with the Marketing Manager. Marketing research activities are outsourced. The Marketing Department purchases monthly reports from different marketing research agencies like AC Nielson and Tetra Pak. In this way the marketing department stays in touch with the latest trends and competitor activities. Some of the agencies with which the marketing department works are SABB Marketing, Time and Space, Orient, HRK Communications, Aura Communications, TOPAZ Communications and ADZ Communications. These agencies prepare designs of print ads and commercials. The brand manager discusses the various designs with the Marketing Manager and after making necessary amendments and recommendations approval is given to Marketing agencies. The Marketing Strategy of Noon Pakistan Limited is Differentiation strategy. However the strategy to be adopted for each brand depends on the market performance and competitor activities. Since UHT milk is difficult to differentiate, the current strategy being adopted is to position it as a milk which is enriched with vitamins needed for healthy growth and development. The target market of UHT milk is Housewives and working females as well as males. Different SKUs are being used to target different Socio Economic Classes like the 1000ml pack is targeted for SEC-A while the 200ml and 250ml packs are targeted towards low income households. The main competitor brands of Nurpur Milk are Olpers, Milk Pak, Good Milk and Haleeb. The marketing department does not go for an offensive strategy because Nestle and Engro are huge giants with bundle of resources. Noon Pakistan Limited can be classified as an Analyzer because it is operating both in a stable and dynamic market. Another reason for not adopting an offensive strategy is that volumes are low. The main weakness of the Marketing Department is that very little attention is being paid towards building brand equity. The department is focusing on increasing sales which is a short term approach rather than focusing on building their brands 14 2.10 Organizational Chart of the Marketing Department Figure 3 Organizational Chart(Marketing Department) Source: Internal Company Documents The Brand Manager is responsible for dealing with various Marketing Agencies and reports to the Marketing Manager. The Marketing Manager reports to the General Manager of Sales and Marketing15 2.11 The Sales Department Two interviews were conducted with the Sales Analyst of the firm to get insights regarding the operations of the Sales Department. The organizational structure of the Sales Department comprises of the General Manager of Sales and Marketing, National Sales Manager, Regional Sales Manager, Area Sales Manager, Field Managers and Sales Officers. Territories have been assigned according to location and comprises of Central Zone, Southern Punjab zone and Northern zone which includes RWL/AJK, Hazara belt and Pakhtoon.K belt. The process of forecasting yearly sales is that last years closing sales are doubled and the amount is set as the Sales Target for the next year. There are more than 280 distributors all over the country and each Sales Officer has to monitor and look after three to four distributors. If targets set in the year 2012 are met, the entire Sales Team will go on a vacation to Dubai on the companys expenses. Noon Pakistan Limited has also started exporting its products to countries like England, Kenya and Afghanistan.16 2.12 Marketing Mix of Nurpur UHT milk Nurpur UHT milk has been positioned as a milk which is enriched with vitamins needed for healthy growth and development.17 The milk is packed in Tetra Aseptic Packaging which allows long lasting storage and shelf space. Currently three SKUs are available in the market which are 200ml, 250ml and 1000ml. Initially the pricing policy adopted for Nurpur milk was market penetration pricing, which means prices were low compared to competing brands. Recently the pricing policy has been changed and now the pricing policy is competitive pricing policy as shown :- Product Packing Unit/Ctn Retailer Margin Trade Price Consumer Price 1.UHT MILK Ctns Units Ctns Units 1000ml 12 6.09% 1018 84.83 1080 90 200ml 24 4.35% 391 16.29 408 17 250ml 27 5.97% 586 21.7 621 23 Table 3 Price List of Nurpur UHT milk Source: Company Internal Documents Due to low volumes produced the company has adopted the policy of selective distribution. The company offers various discounts to retailers to push their products into the market18 . The indirect distribution channel being used is shown below:- Figure 5 Distribution Channel Source: Company Internal Documents 2.13 SWOT Analysis Strengths Market leadership in selected product categories Strong and Experienced Sales Team Strong Supplier relationship Brand Loyal Customers Strict adherence to Quality Standards First dairy company in Pakistan to be certified under ISO 22000:2005 Weaknesses Weak coordination among departments No emphasis on building brand equity No formal HR Department Centralized Decision Making No policy of recruiting fresh blood Selective Distribution Opportunities Exporting products to foreign countries Increased demand for dairy products due to urbanization and increasing population Ensuring availability in untapped markets Launching innovative products for health conscious consumers Going for backward integration Threats Reliance on few suppliers Rising prices of sugar Rising prices of oil increasing transportation expenses Energy and Power Crises Procurement of Quality Milk as milk production fluctuates Rising Inflation decreasing purchasing power of consumers 3.0 Literature Review Pakistan has been classified as the third largest milk producing and consuming country in the world. There is a huge potential for liquid dairy products because 94% of the total population still consumes unpackaged milk. Dairy Processors in Pakistan are coming up with innovative products. An example is Tea Creamer which has been quite successful because drinking milk with tea accounts for 32% of total milk consumption in Pakistan. Consumption by low income consumers in developing markets is forecast to increase by from about 70 billion liters in 2011 to 80 billion liters in 2014 and many of these consumers are expected to switch in coming years from drinking loose milk to packaged milk19 According to Tetra Pak, global consumption of liquid dairy products is set to rise by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.9% in 2011-2014, accelerating from 2.5% growth in 2008-2011, led by buoyant demand in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Asia, Latin America and Africa are all expected to record higher growth rates in consumption in 2011-2014 than in 2008-2011. Asia is forecast to consolidate its position as the worlds biggest market for liquid dairy and dairy alternatives, while Latin America is forecast to overtake Western Europe as the worlds second biggest market by 2014, the research shows. Demand in Asia-Pacific is forecast to rise by 4.6% (CAGR) in 2011-2014 to some 165.3 billion liters20 The research shows that there is a huge potential for dairy processors and demand for dairy products especially UHT milk is likely to go up in future years to come. This demand for dairy products will not only exist in Pakistan but also in developing countries abroad. The demand for milk in neighboring countries also provides huge opportunities for dairy processors and they can expand their operations in those countries by either exporting their products or setting up plants. This research by Tetra Pak provides sound evidence that the future for dairy processors is bright if they can overcome certain issues of availability, quality of milk and reduce operating expenses. Pakistans milk and dairy products industry has already reached $26 billion as of March 2012. Engro is the market leader in the UHT milk segment with a share of over 44%21 A major issue being faced by the dairy industry of Pakistan is that the total production of milk in the country is not fulfilling domestic needs. While human population and consumption per capita has been increasing at the rate of 3% annually, milk production in the country is not increasing at the same pace22 In Pakistan, Buffalos are the main source of milk production with a contribution of 66%, followed by Cows with a contribution of 32% and Goats and Sheep which contribute 2% of the total milk produced. The major Buffalo breeds are Nilli-Ravi and Kundhi, while Sahiwal and Red Sindhi are dominant cow breeds. A majority of small holding farmers, who fulfill 90% of the total milk requirements of the country are not linked to the formal dairy market. The reasons which have been attributed to low productivity of animals are low genetic life of cattle, delay in puberty, scarcity of feed resources, high disease incidence, disorganized marketing system and traditional farming practices. The low production of milk in the country places a huge burden on dairy processors and in the year 2008-09, dry milk products worth Rs. 1.1 Billion had to be imported due to shortfall of milk production23 This article provides information regarding the major sources of milk in the country. It also clearly indicates a major issue being faced by dairy processors in the supply chain, which is procuring quality milk for further processing. Milk is the major raw material for dairy processors and insufficient milk production means that dairy processors have to operate with constrained capacity and cannot expand into new markets to meet future demands of milk. As the article highlights that not only is the productivity of animals low but majority of farmers do not have access to the formal dairy market. In Pakistan, 97% of milk produced is consumed by producers in far flung areas and only 3% is being processed and marketed through formal channels. Demand for milk is present not only in Pakistan but neighboring countries like Iran, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia and Philippines which can be harnessed to advantage. Apart from bacteria of tuberculosis and hepatitis that naturally occur in milk, the Gawala adds many more impurities specially contaminated water for milk dilution. Other impurities like ice slab, soda bicarbonate, and formalin are added to prevent the milk from intense weather. Improper marketing channel is one of the major constraints being faced by the dairy sector. The informal private sector comprises of various agents in the supply chain each performing specialized roles. These comprise of producers, collectors, middlemen, processors, traders and consumers. Seasonal fluctuation hampers milk production and consumption in Pakistan. Milk production is maximum in the months from January to April due to availability of green fodder and reaches minimum in months of May to August. Alternatively milk consumption is high during summers and low in winters. Cold storage facilities are limited in Pakistan due to high cost of operations and shortage of electricity. Dairy processors like Nestle are looking at options to reduce or eliminate their reliance on small farmers due to milk adulteration and delays in getting the quantity of milk which hampers production. Dairy processors should vertically integrate their activities by Corporate Farming and offer additional services and support to medium and large farmers in order to get bulk quantities of milk from them24 This article highlights that opportunities exist for dairy processors to export their products in neighboring countries. It also explains how milk is collected and various contaminations which are added to raw milk. Procuring bulk quantities of milk is a big issue for dairy processors and their viable options are to reduce their dependence on small farmers. The constraint of seasonal fluctuation and ensuring quality standards is also a prime concern for dairy processors since all these factors hamper production and ultimately sales. The milk marketing chain in Pakistan can be classified into an informal marketing chain and a formal marketing chain. The informal milk marketing chain is highly unorganized and milk is delivered under unhygienic conditions. The formal marketing chain on the other hand is more organized and utilizes Cold Storage Tanks to deliver milk from collection centers to processing units25 The informal marketing chain provides the end consumer with low price dairy products at the cost of poor quality standards and unhygienic conditions. The formal marketing chain on the other hand is more conscious towards meeting health standards. However consumers also have to pay more for purchasing their products26 The demand drivers of the dairy industry include increased spending on healthy dairy, increasing nuclear families and working women, increase in demand for functional dairy, organized retail and private label penetration, changing demographics and rise in disposable incomes and increasing urbanization. The challenges being faced by the dairy industry are that milk productivity is still too low, R D is low, human resource challenges have to be addressed, supply chain hindrances have to be minimized and quality standards need to be improved27 The processing of UHT milk involves six steps. In the 1st step fresh milk from cows enters into the UHT process at 39.2 degrees Fahrenheit and contains 50 kinds of bacteria most of which are harmful to health. In the 2nd step the milk flows through pipes in which the temperature gets hotter and hotter until it reaches a holding tank and bacteria gets killed as the milk flows through the pipes. In the 3rd step the milk is heated to 278 degrees Fahrenheit for 3 seconds which kills 99.9 % of the bacteria. In the 4th step the milk is quickly cooled down to 39.2 degrees Fahrenheit which preserves essential nutrients and vitamins. In the 5th step the UHT milk is packed in Tetra packing within seconds to prevent bacteria from entering again in closed pipes and tanks. Finally in the last and 6th step the packed UHT milk is ready to be transported28 Tetra Pak is the pioneer in aseptic packaging. In this type of packaging the product and the package are sterilized separately and then combined and sealed in a sterile atmosphere29 The reason why dairy processors like Noon Pakistan Limited use Tetra Packages is because it allows products to be stored for up to a year without refrigeration which increases shelf life of milk. Branding is one of those marketing concepts which has immense importance since times immemorial. This is because it is the distinguishing feature between various goods and services. Customers perceive a concept of brand as something with which they can easily associate attributes of a product and to build a strong trust over time. This in turn results in brand equity which is long lasting and is a result of effective marketing efforts on the part of management of the company. With the advent of technology and trends of packaged products, branding is no more a source of identification of a product but way more than that. It is now used for building emotional attachments to both the companies and the products. Apart from the mere identification of the product there are other attributes of branding such as customers involvement, stress on higher quality and standards and other intangible attributes which are related to the brand name and in particular its symbol. Branding helps in creat ing images in the minds of consumers so that they can be ensured that their product is unique and different from the rest. Therefore, it can be said that a brand can only be recognized as a strong entity if it continues to provide attributes that it has been promising and are provided consistently. This shows the importance, growth and need for branding a product and service in recent times. This is because initially, consumers associated the brand with something that can be used for identification purposes only. However, now we can see that branding is way beyond that and is concerned with perceptual positioning of a product more than a distinguishing feature alone. Also a brand can emerge as a strong and well established brand only if the consumers are able to experience consistent delivery of attributes that have been promised by the company. Therefore, no brand can survive in the market if it is unable to fulfill its brand promise and this is a new phenomenon towards which we are seeing a paradigm shift in the market30 The concept of brand awareness is all related to the mind of the consumer. If a brand has a strong presence in the mind of the consumer he is said to be aware of it31 . It is also defined as a measure of the percentage of the target market that is aware of the brand name32 In order to create brand awareness in the mind of consumers33 ,companies can take use of advertising by marketing their product again and again which will create a few competitive advantages to them. For example: Brand familiarity Name familiarity will prove commitment to the brand If a brand isnt recalled during the point of purchase it is of no use and brand salience ensures that Brand awareness will be the most durable intangible asset According to Aaker, companies can generate brand awareness through two steps by firstly broadening the sales base and then by improving their skills beyond the regular mediums of advertisement34 . There are several ways to measure the brand awareness of a company and these attributes are described below: Brand Recognition: Brand recognition in simplest terms refers to the brand identification when consumers are provided with merely a cue about the brand prior to the actual exposure. This means, that this brand can be easily differentiated from others based on previous knowledge about the brand35 Brand Recall: Brand recall basically refers to the aptitude of the consumer for remembering the brand from the minds memory when provided with category of a product or any other cue36 Top of mind Brand: The brand which is named by the consumer first when provided with the product category or classification is known as top of mind brand37 Dominant Brand: When asked from the consumers, if a brand name is recalled by the majority of the respondents then that brand is said to be the dominant brand38 Therefore from the above research it can be analyzed quite easily the significance of the brand awareness. A brand which is able to achieve maximum brand equity and becomes a dominant brand can undoubtedly become the largest market share holder amongst the competitors. Building brand awareness however, is a challenge that is faced by the companies and they need to make their marketing efforts strong in order to ensure that among a huge pool of consumers, the brand awareness of their brand is most dominant as it will provide both economical and perceptual benefits to the compa