Evidence Based Diagnostic Radiography Theoretical...

Understanding evidence in evidence-based diagnostic radiography: theoretical perspectives and the research process in two published journal articles To understand the evidence provided in evidence-based diagnostic radiography, one must first define the parameters in which the research took place. With regard to the articles being analysed, (Mackay et al. 2012 and Carlsson and Carlsson 2013) a discussion between the different theoretical perspectives and types of data acquired during the research process will be explored. Comparisons and differences will then be identified along with any facilitators or barriers that either assisted or impeded the research in question. An explanation of the stages of evidence-based practice (EBP) and a†¦show more content†¦Step four implements the findings that are deemed beneficial in clinical practice. Finally, the evaluation of the process and outcomes are made. This step will either validate or refute the findings and whether they are adopted into mainstream clinical practice. There may be many barriers to implementing EBP into diagnostic radiographic practice. First and foremost, patient cooperation is key. In an age of ‘expert patients’, informed service users may decide what is their best course of treatment regardless of clinical expertise advising to the contrary. This barrier not only could negate the clinician, but could also render the EBP ineffective if the patient decides not to oblige. In order to help facilitate implementation of EBP in this case, a tailored explanation to the patient may be helpful. Due to all service users being unique, this may require the radiographer to access the patient’s individual needs and try a different approach in order to implement the EBP. Another barrier that may arise could come from radiographers who are ‘set in their ways’. Their refusal to change could impede the use of EBP from being put into operation. Training and education in this scenario could help eliminate this barrier and as a result, facilitate best practice. Without employing EBP in diagnostic radiography, the field would never evolve

The Argument For A Plea Deal Essay - 1733 Words

In many cases like the previous the influence of the attorney and the means of counsel is a big factor in the accepting or declining of a plea deal. The Sixth amendment right, given to all who inhabit this country is the right to counsel is in many sense inadequate. The juvenile offenders are assigned an attorney; an attorney that they believe has their best wishes at mind. Many are unaware that the attorney they may receive has 4 times more than the federally recommended caseload for a defender. (Polakow-Suransky, 2002) The time the juvenile offenders spend with their attorney is average 10 to 12 minutes. After their first 10 to 12 minute counsel meeting more than 50% of juvenile offenders please guilty for their plea deals. A large issue is the defense these juveniles are receiving. The defenders are often excruciatingly over worked and vastly underpaid. Over time this leads to the lack of commitment and devotion for the cases of criminal court. The defenders spend little time even concerning themselves with the youth’s or their crimes and there is very little a teenager with no means of income can do about it. The lack of money in juvenile law seems to do the opposite of push juvenile defenders to do anything beyond the baseline. The results of these conditions are the substantial number of juveniles who sign or give away their rights with barley any counsel. The juvenile system is basically taking every with two alternatives in mind, getting them out or getting them in.Show MoreRelatedPlea Bargaining : An Effective Tool1684 Words   |  7 PagesPlea-bargaining is one of the most controversial aspects of the American legal process. While some individuals regard plea-bargaining as an effective tool used to ensure justice, others consider it fundamentally unconstitutional. Plea-bargaining is a process in which a defendant agrees to plead guilty to a charge in exchange for either a reduced sentence or a lesser charge. The process is extremely private a nd judges typically have very little influence over the negotiation. Most frequently, theRead MoreEssay On The Request Deal1112 Words   |  5 PagesToday, the request deal is a fundamental piece of the criminal equity framework. The considerable dominant part of charges, more than 90 percent in numerous purviews, are settled through some sort of supplication deal, called a plea bargain. The Seventh Amendment of the Bill of Rights systematized it as a basic piece of Americans freedoms. At the point when large amounts of criminals were gotten and charged, the legislature experienced a trial and decision. However, in the 1800s, a pattern towardRead MoreIs Plea For The Criminal Justice System?1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe question of â€Å"whether Plea deals are at all effective or do they just erode the criminal justice system?† has been raised for some time now. Plea bargaining has been closely scrutinized for many years by individuals who believe in justice being served wit hin our courtrooms and fair-mindedness. I believe that plea bargains not only cripple and deteriorate our justice system but it negates justice altogether. My reasoning’s for disagreeing with Canada’s plea bargaining is people are being pressuredRead MoreThe Federal Court System Consists Of Three Levels926 Words   |  4 Pagespresented Cooper a plea deal: in this deal, he would perhaps plead guilty to physical attack with determination to kill and face a reduced sentencing whereby the recommended least verdict is 51 to 85 months in custody. Cooper’s law court selected counsel instructed him to discard this plea offer, advising Cooper that since the victim was injured lower than the waist, the trial could not institute the necessary element of intention to kill. Built on this guidance, Cooper precluded the plea offer; he alsoRead MoreThe Importance of Plea Bargaining in Criminal Trials Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Plea Bargaining in Criminal Trials Screeech! That is the sound of our court system coming to a grinding halt, if plea bargaining were no longer utilized. Not only does plea bargaining save taxpayers an enormous amount of money, it often provides the evidence for a conviction and allows public defenders and other court officials to concentrate their limited resources on more important or difficult cases. Some people may believe that plea bargaining with criminals is wrong.Read MoreProsecutorial Athletes And Prosecutors : The Price Of A Deal?1195 Words   |  5 PagesPrice of a Deal In the judicial world, prosecutors have tremendous power. Prosecutors can make deals and change deals at their discretion. In the academic world, many scholars have debated that the plea bargain or deal-making should end. While other scholars think prosecutors need more guidance and a watchful eye to stay on course. This argument is compounded when the media blows up on cases gone wrong or blatant prosecutorial misconduct. This paper will detail the problems plaguing the plea bargainRead MoreThe Issues Surrounding Plea Bargaining1513 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction: The Issues Surrounding Plea Bargaining The plea bargaining process is no stranger to the justice system. The issue of plea bargaining has been subject to never-ending debate as to whether or not this system is still viable. Some believe that we should abolish this system of plea bargaining. Plea bargaining is criticized for failing to take into account the victims’ desires. Rampant is the belief that people are not being properly punished for their crime and, as such, leads to aRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Within Criminal Offenders1361 Words   |  6 Pagestrial is arraignment to advise the defendant of the charges and allow the defendant to enter a plea, usually guilty or not guilty. Sometimes, arraignment takes place at the same time as the initial appearance. However, Jodi Arias was arraigned on September 11, 2008 and entered a plea of not guilty (Dolak, 2013). It is at this point that Arias and her defense attorney may have benefited from a plea deal to potentially avoid imposition of the death penalt y. Since the defendant pleaded not guilty, theRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Overcrowding1598 Words   |  7 Pagesthis article, the authors determine several short-term solutions to the major problem of prison overcrowding and argue that the problem of prison overcrowding would not be ending anytime soon, due to the inadequate attempts by state governments to deal with the inhumane living conditions in overcrowded prisons. This article relates to the topic because the authors analyze how the federal government and some individual states, such as California and Florida, respond to the constrained resources causingRead MoreJodi Arias Trial Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagestrial is arraignment to advise the defendant of the charges and allow the defendant to enter a plea, usually guilty or not guilty. Sometimes, arraignment takes place at the same time as the initial appearance. However, Jodi Arias was arraigned on September 11, 2008 and entered a plea of not guilty (Dolak, 2013). It is at this point that Arias and her defense attorney may have benefited from a plea deal to potentially avoid imposition of the death penalty. Since the defendant pleaded not guilty, the

Ancient Greece Free Essays

Ancient Greeks achieved its Golden Age over 2000 years ago and many of its contributions have survived to influence Western Civilization. The Golden Age was a time of peace and prosperity. Western Civilization benefitted from the knowledge passed down from the Ancient Greeks in many diverse areas such as; philosophy, government and science. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Greece or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ancient Greece helps Western Civilization build upon the foundations that took root over 2000 years ago. The Ancient Greeks contributed to Western Civilization through philosophy. Socrates was a Greek philosopher who lived from about 470 to roughly 399 B.C. He moved philosophy toward moral excellence and right behavior. Socrates encouraged questioning and analyzing of everything. Ben Franklin stated that one should always question authority and that comes from Socrates teaching (Doc1). Another great philosopher was a student of Socrates. His name was Plato. As Socrates didn’t write anything his contributions were only passed to Western Civilization because of Plato documenting it. Plato lived in Greece too and was another great philosopher who lived from 384-322 B. C. Aristotle was a student of Plato. Aristotle believed that knowledge would separate man from beast. Plato started the Lyceum, which was a school that allowed women. His teachings helped one of the greatest leaders become so powerful and so motivational. Plato taught Alexander the Great. Plato also believed that humans have the ability to think and make decisions (Doc 2). Another long lasting effect that the Ancient Greeks had to Western Civilization was government. Pericles’ Funcial Oration was given to the Athenians in about 430 B. C. The Athenians treated everyone equal under the law as their government was democratic. Athens was ruled by many people and it was encouraged that everybody should participate based on ability not on social status or wealth. They created laws which the Athenian people respected that kept them from doing wrong and protected those who have done wrong. This is very similar to the United States government. It states in the Declaration of Independence that â€Å"every man shall be treated equal† (Doc 3). In the play â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles written in about 422 B. C. it describes the limit of the government in Greece. Antigone was a strong woman who believed she deserved individual civil rights. Antigone made clear that no mortal man should be able to take away gods’ unwritten and unfailing laws. The government had King Creon as king at the time who tried to deny the people of Greece their individual civil rights without fair justice. Government was a contribution that the ancient Greeks have to western civilization (Doc 5). Science has evolved over time but can be traced back to ancient Greece. Hippocrates was the creator of the Hippocratic Oath who lived from about 460 to 377 B.C. After thousands of years the Hippocratic Oath is still taken today by medical doctors. Hippocrates promised that he would do no harm and would take care of his patients to the best of his abilities. He also states that he would not give a deadly drug or suggest the drug. Hippocrates is also named â€Å"the father of medicine. † Many people in Hippocrates life time believed that if they were sick it was because of the gods, but he said that disease and sickness was caused by natural incidents not supernatural or the gods (Doc 4). The ancient Greeks made many lasting contributions to Western Civilizations. The ancient Greeks contributions have survived the test of time. The Greek culture has had a very profound impact on the way people live now. These impacts happened in a time of peace and prosperity. The achievements the ancient Greeks made have had a positive affect on the Western Civilization. Ancient Greeks have influenced areas such as philosophy, government and science. How to cite Ancient Greece, Papers

Ancient Greece Free Essays

Ancient Greeks achieved its Golden Age over 2000 years ago and many of its contributions have survived to influence Western Civilization. The Golden Age was a time of peace and prosperity. Western Civilization benefitted from the knowledge passed down from the Ancient Greeks in many diverse areas such as; philosophy, government and science. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Greece or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ancient Greece helps Western Civilization build upon the foundations that took root over 2000 years ago. The Ancient Greeks contributed to Western Civilization through philosophy. Socrates was a Greek philosopher who lived from about 470 to roughly 399 B.C. He moved philosophy toward moral excellence and right behavior. Socrates encouraged questioning and analyzing of everything. Ben Franklin stated that one should always question authority and that comes from Socrates teaching (Doc1). Another great philosopher was a student of Socrates. His name was Plato. As Socrates didn’t write anything his contributions were only passed to Western Civilization because of Plato documenting it. Plato lived in Greece too and was another great philosopher who lived from 384-322 B. C. Aristotle was a student of Plato. Aristotle believed that knowledge would separate man from beast. Plato started the Lyceum, which was a school that allowed women. His teachings helped one of the greatest leaders become so powerful and so motivational. Plato taught Alexander the Great. Plato also believed that humans have the ability to think and make decisions (Doc 2). Another long lasting effect that the Ancient Greeks had to Western Civilization was government. Pericles’ Funcial Oration was given to the Athenians in about 430 B. C. The Athenians treated everyone equal under the law as their government was democratic. Athens was ruled by many people and it was encouraged that everybody should participate based on ability not on social status or wealth. They created laws which the Athenian people respected that kept them from doing wrong and protected those who have done wrong. This is very similar to the United States government. It states in the Declaration of Independence that â€Å"every man shall be treated equal† (Doc 3). In the play â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles written in about 422 B. C. it describes the limit of the government in Greece. Antigone was a strong woman who believed she deserved individual civil rights. Antigone made clear that no mortal man should be able to take away gods’ unwritten and unfailing laws. The government had King Creon as king at the time who tried to deny the people of Greece their individual civil rights without fair justice. Government was a contribution that the ancient Greeks have to western civilization (Doc 5). Science has evolved over time but can be traced back to ancient Greece. Hippocrates was the creator of the Hippocratic Oath who lived from about 460 to 377 B.C. After thousands of years the Hippocratic Oath is still taken today by medical doctors. Hippocrates promised that he would do no harm and would take care of his patients to the best of his abilities. He also states that he would not give a deadly drug or suggest the drug. Hippocrates is also named â€Å"the father of medicine. † Many people in Hippocrates life time believed that if they were sick it was because of the gods, but he said that disease and sickness was caused by natural incidents not supernatural or the gods (Doc 4). The ancient Greeks made many lasting contributions to Western Civilizations. The ancient Greeks contributions have survived the test of time. The Greek culture has had a very profound impact on the way people live now. These impacts happened in a time of peace and prosperity. The achievements the ancient Greeks made have had a positive affect on the Western Civilization. Ancient Greeks have influenced areas such as philosophy, government and science. How to cite Ancient Greece, Papers

Emergent Innovation and Sustainable Knowledge †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Emergent Innovation and Sustainable Knowledge. Answer: Introduction Design thinking is the set of creative strategies that is utilized by the designer while they are in the procedure of designing. The design thinking can also be considered as the approach which can be utilized while considering any real life issues as it may also act as a method of resolving the issues. If put simply it can also be said that the professional design procedure can be applied to both the business and the social and personal problems. Within the business sphere, the design thinking procedure utilizes the sensibility of the designer and specific ways for matching the requirements of the customers and considers the feasible technology and a viable business strategy for converting the content into market opportunity and customer values. On the other hand, the learning from design thinking can be applied to the regular life incidents and solve the wicked issues. When I first came to know regarding the design thinking course from one of my friends, I had no prior idea of the course. I started thinking about the course, when I started taking my designing to a professional level. Even though I enrolled in the course, I only knew the name of the course, Design it, and I thought it is related to researches on various designing areas. Even when I first attended the class lecture, I could not understand what exactly the topic is. After a while when I first started reading more into the course, I realized that the design thinking is not merely a theoretical course, rather it is something more than that. In this reflective report I will trigger the basic issues and my learning in the design thinking course and discuss my learning from the course and how I applied my learning in real life. Design thinking is an approach that creates creative and pragmatic situations for the issues that may seem a little difficult apparently. During the initial days of the course, I did not know what exactly the course is going to offer me, however, after a while I realized that this course can change my thought process and my attitude, not only to the business processes, but also to daily life. In additional to that, the course work has also taught me about the tools of design thinking which focuses more on the solving of the problem than just finding it. The primary tools of design thinking are also associated with the concepts of patterns and design, cognition and meta-cognition processes. All these processes are interrelated and mutually complementary. Design Thinking Procedure Design thinking can be considered as a practical method which is helpful for providing creative and practical solutions to the problems. It is mostly a kind of solution based thinking which intends to produce the constructive result in future. As stated by (), design thinking is a little different from the scientific methods. Considering the scientific methods, those are mostly related to the hypothesis stating and providing a feedback mechanism which later continues to form a theory or a model. However, on the other hand, design thinking approach can offer the designers to include the contemplation of the primary emotional content of the entire situation. In the scientific methods, the feedback of any event or decision is obtained through the collection of the observational evidences which is also related to the measurable and observable facts, however design thinking tends to consider the feedback after considering the emotional state of the customers about the particular problem a nd their latent and stated requirements while developing the solution for any particular problem. The process of design thinking can also be considered as the way of producing iterative solutions for the social and business issues, especially solutions from the alternative areas. Design thinking tends to recognize and evaluate both the well-known and ambiguous aspects of the existing situation and provides a serious effort for discovering the distinct parameters and a set of alternative solutions that has the possibility of leading to the one or multiple satisfactory objectives and goals. Design thinking also provides alternative solutions to the problems that shed light on the redefinition of the primary issues within the procedure of evolution of the solution and problems. Unlike the analytic thinking, the procedure of design thinking also includes developing the ideas without any such distinct limits while the designer is brainstorming the ideas. This also tends to decrease the fear of failure for the designers and enhances the contribution and participation of a wide array of resources during the ideation and brainstorming phases. Design thinking is concerned with thinking outside the regular ideas where the participant or the designer can try to discover all the ambiguous and hidden elements from the situations and discover the possibly wrong suppositions. The design thinking procedure is also comprised of seven different stages: defining, researching, ideating, prototyping, choosing, implementing and learning. Design thinking states that the specific issue should be framed, concepts should be created and the answers should be chosen within these particular seven steps. However these steps are not linear, therefore they can also take place simultane ously and can be repeated. Moreover, it should also be noted that the design is also influenced by the personal choices of the designer; however design thinking can also be considered as the approach that changes the regular thought processes of any individual. Design thinking has four principles, namely, human rule, ambiguity rule, re-design rule and tangibility rule. The human rule is associated with the design activities that are mostly social in nature; therefore this social innovation also associated the thought process to the human point of view. The ambiguity rule refers to the method which preserves the uncertainties through experimenting with the limits the ability and knowledge as it tends to enable the liberty of considering things in a different way. The third rule is the re-design rule which concerns with the results of changing the existing technology and the social situations. In addition to that the tangibility rule refers to the idea that the ideas can be made tangible and it allows the designers in treating people as prototypes. Therefore, it can be understood that design thinking can be both implemented in the designing procedure and in our day to day lives. The learning from the design thinking approach can be applied in the regular chorus. It also offers a thinking approach which is pragmatic and a little different from the conventional way of thinking. Learning from the Design Thinking Course When I first joined the course and started the class, initially I had no idea what I am going to learn or what the course is going to offer me. With my previous working experiences in the designing field, I had realized that the landscape is changing in a fast way within the contemporary business world, therefore the employers and the marketers tend to fix a specific set of expertise and skills so that they can position their brand and gain a competitive edge in the market. Moreover, the increasing capability of information also concerned with the empowerment of the consumers, therefore there are higher possibilities that the flexibility and agility are required for this purpose. Design thinking is a concept that is associated with the design revolution. The business landscape of todays world demands the brands and marketers to be more centered on the customers. Therefore design thinking is mostly creates a beneficial relationship between the consumers and brands. The brands tend to focus more on the requirements of the customers. Moreover design thinking is considered as the idea that is a driver of revolution of the designing genre. I had some previous experiences in the designing field. Initially I did not think to take this up as my career, however later when I started thinking about thinking designing as my professional career, I realized that not having professional course has made my career limited and most importantly amateurish. Therefore this course could have made my resume more interesting to the employers. Creating and designing have been my passion for a long time, however taking those up as a career made me realize the importance of having prof essional degree in the designing field. However, the course not only offered me a quality designing power which is not only limited to the creation of specific objects, but it is also refers to the out of the box thinking of the content. Along with the course, I have realized that the concept of design thinking stands completely different way for developing successful strategy and further organizational change. The concept is also related with the managing, leading, innovating and creating the content because everything can be someway designed. Moreover, I had also learnt a major lesson that design is not only related to the looks. Conventionally it has been related and specifically restricted to the appearances; however, it is not actually that at all. It is somewhat related to crafting something entirely new after shelling out of the traditional and conventional ways. As a matter of fact, design thinking is something that is out of the basic dimensions of individual intelligence. Design thinking has taught me to break the conventional and shallow mentality that we tend to carry and begin inculcating a different outlook that always encourages more innovation. It has also taught me regarding a systematic framework that enhances the implementation of innovation by fostering the organic development ad serve value for the clients. Previously I had thought that creativity should be the primary necessity for the designs, however design thinking has also taught me that the stages in design thinking also includes a sheer observation for learning the other requirements of the customers relating to the constraints and context of any situation. Design thinking also made me learn and discover the capacity and opportunity of bringing innovation and forming creative ideas, testing them and improving further. Design thinking also refers to the innovation that is customer centric through the profound knowledge that is mostly based on the users or the customers through a series of different prototypes for finding, testing and improving the basic concepts. As a design thinker, I can apply my real life experiences to bring more innovations in my designs, at the same time; I can also apply my learning in the real life experiences. I had also learned the techniques of designing that tend to complement the observation of the designer by breaking the stereotypes and creating a specific storyboard. Alternatively it can be said that the design thinking has changed my attitude towards designing. I had identified that the designing is an entirely dynamic process of thinking which eventually refines the mindset and expertise of the concerned designers. Application of the learning in real life Designing thinking course has been a journey to me. After the learning procedure has ended, I had realized that there are few basic lesions. The most significant thing that I learned from the course is that it is related to doing something innovative and something which may have not associated with us before. Therefore we have to get used to the new and innovative thinking process. I had experienced a long journey what I exactly was and how I used to think about things before and after the course. I had applied this lesson in my life as well. There were several times before while I had not tried to think something innovative, rather something out of the box and dealt with the entire situation in a conventional way. For instance, few months back one of my colleague came up to me and asked me for some life advices. She was facing some trouble in the office, especially with some coworkers. When I came to know about her situation, I was quite sure that the entire situation would go out o f control if she does not take this entire situation out of the office and deal with it. I thought t would be easier for her if she does not comment or make any moves about the troubles she is facing in office, as after a point of time, she herself is going to face all the consequences and at that point of time, no one else will be there with her. However, after I started applying the lessons that I learned from the design thinking course and started thinking things which were not related to us before, then I realized, if she was facing any trouble with her colleagues in the office, she should have immediately contacted the higher authority and report the problem. It is quite baseless to think whether people will be there with us or not before we take a stand for ourselves. Another lesson that I learnt from the design thinking course is that empathy is nothing but a sheer mind state. Being empathetic is very much necessary while we deal with situations. It is very much necessary for us to be empathetic towards various things in our lives, as if we stay in the empathetic state in our life, it will definitely help us in finding better solutions to specific problems in our lives. Sometimes, we do not think about being empathetic and deal with the situations in a harsh way. Therefore it is highly possible that our decisions are harmful to others. It is quite evident from our surroundings, that sometimes we have forgotten to become empathetic and started dealing with the situations. We tend to bypass others feelings and emotions and started materializing every need of our lives. However, the design thinking course has taught me that we should extend out worldview and start thinking about every situation in a different light. We should still have empathy for people in the surroundings. After the course, I had realized there are thousand times while I had neglected small issues for my own desires. I had realized that even if I reach to the highest position of my professional career, I should not be ignoring smaller things in life. Action Plan Action Time Testing design thinking in the personal life problem solving. Starting right after the completion of the course Implementation of design thinking in professional life After gaining confidence and efficiency of the learning Conclusion I have also had clusters in my personal life and I was not being able to treat these problems compassionately. I was leaving the tasks incomplete. There were lots of challenges in the designing field. Other than that I also had books unread, I had problems regarding managing space in my room. Also I had issues with scheduling my daily routine. With the idea of design thinking, I started to view things in a complete new perspective and fixed the problems. I have applied my learning from deign thinking course work in different sectors of my life and I had realized that it has a long lasting impact on both my professional and personal lives. Reference list Amit, R., Zott, C. (2014). Business model design: a dynamic capability perspective.J. Manage. Atuahene-Gima, K. (2013, May). Resolving the capabilityrigidity paradox in new product innovation. American Marketing Association. Barrett, M., Davidson, E., Prabhu, J., Vargo, S. L. (2015). Service innovation in the digital age: key contributions and future directions.MIS quarterly,39(1), 135-154. Bonakdar, A., Gassmann, O. (2016). Design Thinking for Revolutionizing Your Business Models. InDesign Thinking for Innovation(pp. 57-66). Springer International Publishing. Brjesson, S., Elmquist, M., Hooge, S. (2014). The challenges of innovation capability building: Learning from longitudinal studies of innovation efforts at Renault and Volvo Cars.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,31, 120-140. Carlgren, L. (2013).Design thinking as an enabler of innovation: Exploring the concept and its relation to building innovation capabilities. Chalmers University of Technology. Davis, J., Docherty, C. A., Dowling, K. (2016). Design thinking and innovation: synthesising concepts of knowledge Co-creation in spaces of professional development.The Design Journal,19(1), 117-139. Dorst, K. (2015). Frame Innovation; create new thinking by design, Design Thinking, Design Theory. Fichman, R. G., Dos Santos, B. L., Zheng, Z. E. (2014). Digital innovation as a fundamental and powerful concept in the information Systems curriculum.MIS quarterly,38(2). Frow, P., Nenonen, S., Payne, A., Storbacka, K. (2015). Managing co?creation design: A strategic approach to innovation.British Journal of Management,26(3), 463-483. Johansson?Skldberg, U., Woodilla, J., etinkaya, M. (2013). Design thinking: past, present and possible futures.Creativity and Innovation Management,22(2), 121-146. Kangas, M. (2010). Creative and playful learning: Learning through game co-creation and games in a playful learning environment.Thinking skills and Creativity,5(1), 1-15. Liedtka, J. (2014, January). Linking design thinking to innovation outcomes: The role of cognitive bias reduction. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 10628). Academy of Management. Liedtka, J. (2015). Perspective: Linking design thinking with innovation outcomes through cognitive bias reduction.Journal of Product Innovation Management,32(6), 925-938. Mootee, I. (2013).Design thinking for strategic innovation: What they can't teach you at business or design school. John Wiley Sons. Mootee, I. (2013).Design thinking for strategic innovation: What they can't teach you at business or design school. John Wiley Sons. Norman, D. A., Verganti, R. (2014). Incremental and radical innovation: Design research vs. technology and meaning change.Design issues,30(1), 78-96. Olsen, N. V. (2015). Design Thinking and food innovation.Trends in food science technology,41(2), 182-187. Peschl, M. F., Fundneider, T. (2008). Emergent Innovation and Sustainable Knowledge Co-creation A Socio-epistemological Approach to Innovation from within.The Open Knowlege Society. A Computer Science and Information Systems Manifesto, 101-108. Peschl, M. F., Fundneider, T. (2014). Designing and enabling spaces for collaborative knowledge creation and innovation: From managing to enabling innovation as socio-epistemological technology.Computers in Human Behavior,37, 346-359.