Saturday, October 5, 2019
The represesentation of disability and illness in Victorian England Essay
The represesentation of disability and illness in Victorian England novels - Essay Example r themselves in all this plentitude and opportunity, those who were somehow stricken with illness or disability were determined to be of somehow lower or disdainful quality. This was largely because people tended to judge others based upon their material acquisitions in these quickly changing times. Wealth was taken to be an accurate measure of the personââ¬â¢s character while illness or disability was seen to be a reflection of a diseased soul. These attitudes in society were explored in books written in the time. As will be discovered in this paper, novels emerged during this time period as societyââ¬â¢s most accurate means of reflecting on the social ills of the day and novels such as those written by Charles Dickens or George Elliot repeatedly demonstrated that the ill or disabled Victorian was somehow held to be of lower quality or worth than whole-bodied individuals. During the Victorian period, the process of psychoanalysis had not yet been published, much less widely discussed and applied to social structures. The principle means of reflecting issues common to the contemporary society was through the explorations provided in the fiction produced during the period. Borislav Knezevic says of Dickens and his contemporaries: ââ¬Å"Professional novelists became not only providers of relatively lucrative cultural products, but also voices of great social authority, and representatives of that middle-class wisdom and success. [â⬠¦] The novel became a locus of middle-class symbolic powerâ⬠(Knezevic, 2003: 4). In the Victorian era, the novel was as much about information as about entertainment, as Salman Rushdie observes in his entry on The Nation: ââ¬Å"The word ââ¬Ënovelââ¬â¢ derives from the Latin word for new; in French, nouvelles are both stories and news reports. A hundred years ago, people read novels, among other things, for i nformation. From Dickensââ¬â¢s Nicholas Nickleby, British readers got shocking information about poor schools like Dotheboys Hall, and
Friday, October 4, 2019
Obesity In Infants Causes and Affects Research Paper
Obesity In Infants Causes and Affects - Research Paper Example In a journal published by the American Academy of Pediatrics researchers established that "childhood obesity may be caused factors that operate at the earliest stages of life," (Bagley, 2009). Fast foods and lack of physical activity may be the cause of obesity in many people, but it does not explain why "obesity in infants under 6 months has risen 73 percent since 1980", (Bagley, 2009). Babies certainly are not eating extra buttered popcorn at the movies, Big-Macs at MC Donald's or Sonic's milkshakes. Babies less than 6 months of age are drinking specially formulated baby formula or breast milk, and are just being introduced to baby foods at 6 months. So, what causes obesity in infants? Scientists believe that a number of factors may lead to obesity in infants. Not breast feeding, hormones inherited from parents, hormones that mother and child may have been exposed to through foods that were ingested during pregnancy, or exposure to toxins in commonly used household items like plast ic spoons and plates. Further, some items used to feed babies like their bottles may contain some small traces of toxins, which are ingested during feedings. Retha Newbold (Bagley, 2009), of The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) in North Carolina believed that emerging evidence shows being overweight is not just the result of making poor food choices, or lack of activity, but that exposure to environmental chemicals during development maybe contributing to the obesity epidemic in America. There is no doubt that while a woman is pregnant exposure to harmful chemicals can cause serious illnesses that become more apparent years and even decades later. It is not far-fetched to believe that fetuses and infants can be predisposed to obesity through hormones and chemicals. In a study conducted by Newbold, lab mice were injected with normal or the same levels of estrogen as people are generally exposed to in the environment. The study showed that in six months the mice that were exposed to the estrogen was 20 percent heavier and had 36 percent more body fats than mice that were not exposed to the estrogen. Newbold was made sure that both the exposed and the controlled mice in the study were fed the same amounts of food and were exposed to the same amount of activity. These implications are huge, and this study shows that there is a direct correlation between some hormones and obesity in infants. Bruce Blumberg (Bagley, 2009), a scientist at the University of California, Irvine said "there is a correlation between obesity and a lot of things, and that finding a link between hormones/ chemicals didn't mean much (Born To Be Big, 2009)." However, later Blumberg conducted his on study to find out if any links exist between harmful chemicals and obesity in infants. In his research study Blumberg specifically tested a chemical called tributyltin, which is commonly found in pesticides, fungicides, marine paints and some plastic products. " In 2006 he fed pregnant mice tributyltin, and found that their offspring were born with more fat already stored, more fat cells, and became 5 to 20 percent fatter by adulthood," (Bagley, 2009). All these studies highlight that obesity is not just eating more calorific food or more energy intake but is also influenced by various environmental as well as genetic factors. It is of the foremost apprehension
Thursday, October 3, 2019
Tamworth Town Essay Example for Free
Tamworth Town Essay The task is to create some sort of form that will capture the relevant data from the people who fill it in. Consequently, people fill it in after collecting it in the shop, or at other shops and then we get members, which leads to rentals, and money for my Uncle. The data capture form will be an A5 piece of paper, and will have all the relevant fields needed to input a new customer into the list. In this task, I will have to use boxes that are the same size and ones that are big enough to fit hand written letters in. In addition, the boxes will need to be straight, or it will look incompetent. Moreover, to create a professional look, it will have to be a small form, two per A4 sheets, because one per A4 sheet would be rather large, and extremely clumsy. Additionally, to reduce incompetence, I should align the boxes singularly, so that every box is in line perfectly. For each field I will need the correct number of boxes: Title = 4 boxes à First Name = 16 boxes à Second Name = 16 boxes à House Number = 12 boxes à Road Name = 16 boxes à Town = 12 boxes à Postal Code = 4 and 3 boxes Home Phone = 5 and 6 boxes Date of Birth = 2 and 2 and 4 boxes. Password = 16 boxes Software Requirements The software I choose must be able to: Import pictures, so that I can put use my created logo publicly. Create input boxes, so that they can be filled in appropriately, a letter at a time. à Move pictures, so that the logo can be moved into an appropriate position. à Input text, so that the input boxes have titles, so that people know where to write what. à Overlap and underlay objects, so that if the logo is near any input boxes, it can under lap them, and not overlap them with its white background. Change the text font, and size, so that I do not have to keep boring Arial text, and can make good titles. à Align objects, so that my input boxes can be arranged in a line, so they are straight, and not odd and disproportionate. Software I could use Microsoft Word to do this task. However, it is only a word processor, and cannot do some complex functions I need to perform. It cannot align objects, as far as I know, and for a professional look, I definitely need this feature, I need the input boxes to look as neat as possible. I also know of no way to under and overlap objects in MSWord. This is also important if I wish to place my logo directly above my input boxes, as its white background may go over the top of the boxes. I could use Serif Page plus eight for this task. It is a publishing program, and has all of the features I need. It can import pictures using the usual copy and paste technique, but through Insert Picture as well. It can create boxes using the object drawer, which preset is a box. So all you need to do is click on the box on the left hand side toolbar, and draw the box to the wanted size. It can move pictures by dragging them, click, and hold, then drag. It can input text in two ways, a normal frame box, or a graphic text one. The normal one is easier to read, so I will use that. It can over and under lap objects with the two buttons on the arrange toolbar, at the top: With these, the left sends the item to the back, and the right one brings the picture to the front. It can change text through the formatting toolbar, which is normally on the top of the display, at the bottom of all the toolbars. It can align objects by highlighting them and then right clicking and clicking Align Objects, and then selecting to which side it needs aligning. This is useful because you can choose which side you can align it to. Conclusion I am going to use Serif page plus eight for this task because it is the best program for the job. It can do everything that is needed from the task and can do a lot more than Microsoft Word can. It can underlay and overlap, and it can align objects, both of which are key to the task in hand. It is simple to use and all the major tools are on the screen in toolbars, no need to use menus. Outline Plan I am going to load a new page and then turn it into landscape mode. After that, I will produce titles for each input subject, and then create boxes for each input subject; the numbers of boxes are listed above. Then I will put the background in, by creating a square and using the fill and linear techniques to put a white and light blue background behind all the boxes. I will then put the logo at the top above all the boxes, to the left a bit, leaving space on the right for the address to go in. After that I will input two more graphics, which are two port-hole type circles, with a blue centre, I have two different sizes, the big will go at the top, and the small at the bottom.
Extraocular Structures Inside the Orbit of the Eye
Extraocular Structures Inside the Orbit of the Eye INTRODUCTION The Retrobulbar block injection is commonly practised around the world(2).In the beginning, regional anaesthesia of the eye consisted of retrobulbar anaesthesia (RBA), with the surgeon performing the block(6). This anaesthesia can be administered with an intraconal block(1). It consists of an equal mixture of lidocaine (2%-4%) and bupivacaine (0.75%) with up to 15 units of hyaluronidase (1). A sharp needle with 27 gauge 31mm is inserted in the interolateral border of the orbit(3). The needle passes through all the rectus and oblique muscles of the eye(2). The rectus muscles include superior rectus muscle, interior rectus muscle, lateral rectus muscle and medial rectus muscle(2). The two oblique muscles are interior and superior oblique muscles(2). The optic nerve and arteries should be avoided(2). This essay explains the extraocular structures inside the orbit of the eye. Anatomy Orbital openings The lateral wall of the orbit consists of superior orbital fissure and the floor of the orbit involves the inferior orbital fissure (2). The superior orbital fissure brings the frontal, lacrimal, oculomotor, trochlear, nasociliary, abducent nerves and superior ophthalmic vein(7). The superior orbital fissure is divided by annulus of zinn(7). The area inside the annulus is called oculomotor foramen(7). The inferior orbital fissure comprises the foramen rotundum which transmits the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve(7). This nerve passes from middle cranial fossa to the pterygopalatine fossa(7). The Globe Human eye vary in size(4). The eyeball is located in the anterior part of orbital cavity, which is closer to the roof than the floor, also nearer the lateral than the medial wall(7). The average anteroposterior diameter of the globe is 24.15mm(4). Normally it ranges from 21.7mm to 28.75mm(4). When the anteroposterior diameter of the eye is longer that is, the axial length of the myopic eye is more(2,4). So the risk of globe perforation increases particularly with a retrobulbar block(4). Staphyloma may occur when the eyes is highly myopic(7). Thinning of the sclera and posterior globe enlargement can occur(7).A bulge in This average globe diameter occupy approximately 7ml of the orbit where as the total structures are packed in 30ml space, so the remaining space is filled with fat, nerves, extraocular muscles, lacrimal gland, vascular structures and connective tissue(5). The needle is inserted in the fat filled areas inside the orbit(5). Needle trauma can occur with eyes with posterio r staphyloma(7). The cavity of the orbit has a posterior apex with a pyramid shape(6). The orbit is made up of mainly adipose tissue(6). Anteriorly, the 4 rectus muscles of the eye insert near the equator of the globe(6). Posteriorly, these four rectus muscles insert together at the apex on the tendinous annulus communis of Zinn, through which the optic nerve enters the orbit(6).The four rectus muscles define the retrobulbar cone of the orbit, that is not closed by any intermuscular membrane(6). Sensory innervation is supplied by the ophthalmic nerve first branch of the fifth nerve that is trigeminal nerve, which passes through the retrobulbar cone(6). The ophthalmic nerve and oculomotor nerve passes through the retrobulbar cone(6). Injection of local anaesthesia solution inside the retrobulbar cone will provide anesthesia(6). It also provides akinesia of the globe and the extraocular muscles(6). E The superior branch of the facial nerve gives motor supply to the orbicularis muscle of the eyelids whi ch has an extraorbital course(6). Many major structures are situated in the retrobulbar cone which gives rise to major risk factors in needle and injection injury(6). Many complications may occur when needle is inserted into the retrobulbar (intraconal) space, so doctors prefer to inject in the extraconal space(8). The rectus muscles are in close contact with the orbital bone so the extraconal space is only a minute space compared with the retrobulbar space(6). The retrobulbar space is located inside the extraocular muscle cone which is behind the globe(4). Comparatively avascular areas of the orbit are restricted to the anterior orbit in the inferotemporal (lower outer) and superotemporal (upper outer) quadrants(4). The superonasal quadrant is rich in blood supply and has limited space(4). Extraocular muscles The extraocular muscles of the eye includes four rectus and two oblique muscles which allow elevation, depression, adduction and abduction, medial and lateral rotation(7). The origin of the superior rectus muscle rises from the annulus of Zinn(7). It then passes forwards and laterally to be inserted into sclera which is about 7.7mm behind the corneoscleral junction(7). The superior rectus muscle is supplied by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve(7). This nerve crosses through the inferior surface of this muscle (intraconal)(7). The orgin of the inferior rectus muscle arises from the annulus of Zinn below the optic foramen(7). It then passes forwards and laterally to be inserted into the sclera which is about 6.5mm from the corneoscleral junction(7). It is supplied by the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve(7). The orgin of the lateral rectus muscle runs from the lateral part of tendinous ring(7). There is also a smaller head arising from sphenoid a little laterally(7) . The lateral rectus muscle is inserted into the sclera about 6.9mm from the corneosceral junction(7). It is supplied by the abducent nerve on its intraconal aspect(7). The orgin of the medial rectus muscle is from the medial aspect of the annulus of Zinn. This muscle passes along the medial orbital wall. It is inserted into the sclera about 5.5mm from the limbus. It is supplied by the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve on its intraconal aspect. The superior oblique muscle is the longest and the most slender muscle compared to the other eye muscles. It orginates from the body of the sphenoid bone superomedial to the optic canal. It passes forward and its long tendon passes through the trochlea which is attached to the trochlear fossa of the frontal bone. The tendon of the superior oblique muscle passes downwards, backwards and laterally. It then passes inferior to the superior rectus muscle. It is inserted posterior to the equator of the eyeball. It is supplied by the trochle ar nerve on its extraconal aspect. The origin of the inferior oblique muscle is very unique. It orginates from the floor posterior to the orbital margin. It is just lateral to the nasolacrimal duct. It passes laterally, posteriorly and superiorly. It passes inferiorly to inferior rectus muscle. It is inserted into the sclera at the posterolateral aspect of the eyeball. This muscle is supplied by inferior division of the oculomotor nerve. When you inject a local anaesthetic solution into the lateral adipose compartment from inferotemporal needle insertion. It normally blocks the nasociliary, lacrimal, frontal, supraorbital and supratrochlear branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve and the infraorbital branch of the maxillary division. But when u inject into the medial compartment through a needle placed between the caruncle and the medial canthal angle, it blocks the medial branches of the nasociliary nerve, the long ciliary nerves, the infratrochlear nerve and the medial components of the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves. If an extra supplementary injection is required superiorly, it is important to be careful that the superomedial approach almost inevitably brings the needle into contact with a path filled and packed with nerves, blood vessels and muscles. BLOOD SUPPLY The main artery which supplies the globe and all the orbital contents is the ophthalmic artery which is a branch of the internal carotid artery. It passes into the orbit through the optic canal inferolateral to the optic nerve and within the meningeal sheath of that nerve. The artery tend to pierce the sheath to lie outside it as soon as it enters the orbit. The course of the ophthalmic artery takes an early intraorbital course superior to the optic nerve and inferior to the superior rectus muscle. It then courses towards the medial wall of the orbit from where it runs anteriorly above the medial rectus muscle. So very careful measures are to be taken when injecting needles in elderly and hypertensive patients, it can be tortuous and vulnerable to needle trauma when it bleeds profusely. Venous drainage is through the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins. The superior vein starts deep to the medial part of the upper eyelid from the confluence of the supraorbital and facial veins. It passes posteriorly within the orbit. It receives branches corresponding to those of the ophthalmic artery. The superior ophthalmic vein leaves the orbit through the superior orbital fissure within the annulus fibrosus. The inferior ophthalmic vein arises from a venous plexus on the anterior part of the floor orbit. It passes posteriorly on the inferior rectus muscle passing through the inferior part of the superior orbital fissure draining into the cavernous sinus. EYELIDS, LEVATOR PALPEBRA SUPERIORIS AND ORBICULARIS MUSCLES The function of the eyelids is to protect the eye from injury and excess light. It also distributes tear fluid over the anterior surface of the eyeball.
Wednesday, October 2, 2019
Analyzing the Priceless MasterCard Advertisements :: Advertising Business Marketing GCSE Coursework
Analyzing the Priceless MasterCard Advertisements They tell how much it will cost you to buy one thing and then another, overwhelming you with the cost of life. They then reveal to you the priceless moment that comes from all of this cost. Can you guess which advertisements I am talking about? Thatââ¬â¢s right, MasterCard commercials; The commercials titled: ââ¬Å"Spending Quality Time with Your Familyâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Leaving Your Cash At Homeâ⬠, ââ¬Å"One Stadium Down, 29 To Goâ⬠from MasterCardââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"pricelessâ⬠ad campaign, just reel you in with that priceless moment. Well you would never guess just how many tactics they use in one commercial just to suck you in. They use many little clever details in order to appeal to people and convince them that they want to use their company and not someone elseââ¬â¢s. These MasterCard advertisements are targeted towards an American audience whether the audience be families or the youth of America. American values and interests, along with a va riety of visuals, text, and subject matters are incorporated in order to do this. The ads also appeal to these audiences through emotion and logic. By using all of these different tools, MasterCard is able to create a commercial to convince a mass of people to use their company without thinking any further than the commercial that just flashed before their eyes. The ads are centered on todayââ¬â¢s American society. These specific MasterCard ads target Americans through values and interests that make up their culture. One example being the use of The Simpsons show for one of these ads. Most Americans are very familiar with the Simpson family and therefore can relate to the advertisement. Also, the idea of having extra time to spend with your family is incorporated into the advertisement. This is very effective in capturing the audience because family is widely valued within American society. Another effective reference that is used is towards baseball. Baseball is huge in the United States and everyone either watches it or knows someone who does. By using these references MasterCard is able to create commercials that the creatorsââ¬â¢ audience can relate to. The authors of these commercials are a group of people hired by MasterCard to think the catchiest and most creative commercial. Their purpose is to create advertisements that are targeted towards and specific audience and then to capture that audience.
Tuesday, October 1, 2019
Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest in the Decade of the Worldââ¬â¢s Indigenous Populations :: Essays Papers
Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest in the Decade of the Worldââ¬â¢s Indigenous Populations Introduction On 1 January 1994, the Mayan peoples of Chiapas, Mexico participated in an armed uprising in protest of the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Following a strong trend of harassment, and mistreatment of Mexicoââ¬â¢s indigenous populations, the implementation of NAFTA all but abolished the land claims of Mexicoââ¬â¢s Indians. The Zapatista uprising, as it has been termed, brought global attention to the indigenous human rights violations in Mexico, and consequently, a strong interest in the plight of the worldââ¬â¢s indigenous peoples resulted in the global community. In a 1994 U.N. orchestrated commission on the rights of the worldââ¬â¢s indigenous populations, it was concluded that an increase in international cooperation for the solution of problems faced by indigenous peoples was necessary for improvement of their condition across such areas as environment and natural resources, health, education, and human rights. As a result, the U.N. High Commissioner on Human Rights declared the years 1995-2004 to be the Decade of the Worldââ¬â¢s Indigenous Populations. The theme of the decade was to be ââ¬Å"partnership in actionâ⬠, and the main objectives were to strengthen the role of the international community in enforcing international human rights treaties, to promote the discovery of viable solutions to Indigenous-State conflicts through mediation, discussion, and cooperation, and to draft a declaration of the rights of indigenous people. In this paper, I will analyze the amount of progress that has been made in the Native American condition in relation to U.S. government cooperation with the First Nations, with a specific focus on the tribes of the Pacific Northwest. I will begin with a brief, but comprehensive history of U.S.-Native American relations, with a focus on U.S. government policy. Next, I will conduct a case study of the Pacific Northwest, specifically dealing with how the global pressure of the Decade has impacted treaty negotiations and multi-lateral cooperation in the fishing industry, forest service, and tribal gaming. I will then discuss parallels that can be drawn from the cooperation of Maori tribes with the government of New Zealand in the last decade. Finally, I will discuss the unmet needs for the improvement of the indigenous condition, and conclude with an evaluation of the relative progress the Decade has had specifically in the United States, and more generally in the global community. A History of U.
Marketing Strategy Vitasoy Soybean Drink Essay
Background Soybean milk was first introduced in Hong Kong by Dr. K.S. Lo under the brand name ââ¬Å"Vitasoyâ⬠in 1940, with an intention to provide consumers with an affordable nutritious and high-protein soymilk drink. Since then, Vitasoy became a well-known household name and is now the flagship product of Vitasoy International Holdings Limited (VIHL), contributing 48% of the company total revenue by categories in fiscal year 2013/2014. With the priority to promote quality of life through a wide range of great-tasting and nutritional products, the company expanded beyond the soy beverage with a wide variety of food & beverages, under the derivative brand name ââ¬Å"Vitaâ⬠. Vitasoy Soybean Milk (Regular) ââ¬â Marketing Mix Product Vitasoy soybean milk is the preferred brand among local consumers, but it is fast losing its attractiveness. Consumers are becoming more sophisticated and health conscious where many are switching out to ââ¬Å"Fresh/ Organicâ⬠soymilk which are fiercely competed by many rivals. The launched of Low Sugar variant may have helped to slow down its eroding share, but the product has passed the maturity stage. Instead of rationalizing the existing product line (multiple pack formats, photo below), the company continue to stretch the product line with different pack formats (of recent, the PET packaging). This initiative may potentially lead to cannibalization and causing diseconomies of scales in production. Price Targeting the masses with price positioned below most of the ââ¬Å"organicâ⬠and ââ¬Å"non-organicâ⬠soymilk products across most channels. With exception to chain convenient stores, its pricing is much higher than most of the ââ¬Å"organicâ⬠soymilk products. This conflicting price positioning in chain convenient stores may lead to consumers switching out to ââ¬Å"organicâ⬠soymilk, which is cheaper, fresher & healthier. As observed (photo below) in 7-Eleven, pack of Vitasoy soybean milk 250ml cost HK$6.90 while pack of Pak Fook 236ml ââ¬Å"fresh organicâ⬠cost HK$5.80, both at non-promotion price. Promotion Actively engage in promoting its product through several advertising platforms (eg. TV commercial, social media, magazine/ newspapers, billboards & event sponsorships) and conducted many consumer communication campaigns. Noteworthy is their in-store execution particularly in chain supermarket which dominates majority of the shelf-space with prominent product displays and conducted tactical bundle sales regularly. The recent campaign ââ¬Å"Anytime, Anywhereâ⬠is seen as a desperate attempt to disassociate itself as ââ¬Å"breakfast-onlyâ⬠beverage. The campaign was supported with the launch of PET packaging which is a better proposition for an ââ¬Å"all-occasionâ⬠beverage. But again, pricing may not be appealing to the target consumers particularly in chain convenient stores which is much costly comparing to other channels. Place The product is widely available through their extensive geographical coverage built over the years, reaching out to over 10,000 customers (eg. chain supermarkets & convenience stores, restaurants, bakeries, offices and independent grocery stores) serviced by 300 sales force and 100 delivery trucks. Also leveraging on the company subsidiary ââ¬â Vitaland, specializing in operation and management of school tuck shops and canteen business, has made the product more accessible particularly among younger consumers. These are the key factors that have helped to strengthen the company leadership in Hong Kong. Recommendation In view of the competitive environment and evaluation of the product marketing mix, the recommended growth strategies would be Marketing Penetration & Product Development. Both strategies are least risky and are capable to generate further business growth for Vitasoy in this mature market (Hong Kong) Market Penetration Vitasoy soybean milk needs to drive off competition and sustain their share in the non-organic soymilk segment via enlarge distribution reach, conduct tactical/ aggressive sales promotions (eg. Discount or bundle sales) andà increase share of shelf-space. They need to reinforce barriers to entry in their key strategic channels (ie. chain supermarkets and chain convenient stores), as those are the key market entry channels and key breeding ground for competition. It is also crucial to rationalize their existing product line (multiple pack formats) to achieve economies of scale or prevent production complexity but most critically is to avoid cannibalization. In addition, to ensure the success of the product in PET packaging, it has to be nurtured with more effective marketing efforts with a pricing strategy that will appeal to the masses, specifically in chain convenient stores due to its geographical spread and 24/7. Product Development Vitasoy soybean milk has passed its maturity stage, as consumers continue to be inclined towards beverages with higher nutritional benefits (eg. Organic, high calcium, low sugar & low fat). Nonetheless, the company must continue to protect its leadership in this category as it contributes 48% of the company total revenue. This can be done by leveraging on its reputation as ââ¬Å"Soy Expertâ⬠and making the competition irrelevant. The company must aggressively take the lead in developing new innovative product with clear product differential verses its rivals, through product line extension of their strategic growth brands (ie. Calci-Plus & Sansui). The new product line has to be innovative nutritious product with relevance to the health trends, this will eventually help to enhance consumer loyalty, gain more shares and potentially attract more switch-in from non-users. References 1) Soyinfo center, website www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/ks_lo_and_vitasoy.php 2) Vitasoy International Holdings, website www.vitasoy.com , www.vitasoy.com/pdf/pressRelease/EN 3) Vitaland Services Limited, website www.vitaland.com.hk 4) Facebook ââ¬â VitaVitasoy 5) Blog ââ¬â childhoodsnacks.blogspot.hk 6) EuroMonitor International, website www.euromonitor.com/soft-drinks-in-hong-kong-china/report 7) Blue Ocean Strategy, W. Chan Kim & Renee Mauborgne, 2006 Harvard Business School Publishing Corp
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